100 Land Magnetic Observations, 1911-13 



average field time per station, when allowance is niade for the travel to and from Canton, 

 was a little more than 5 days. The total travel involved on this expedition was 986 miles, 

 of which 360 were on a large steamer, 446 on a launch, 30 in a houseboat, and 150 on 

 foot. Not counting the two long sea trips, the total field travel was only 360 miles, or an 

 average of 72 miles per station. The total cost of the work reported on as of this expedition, 

 not counting the observer's salary, was $73, or an average of less than $15 per station. 



EXPEDITION IV. NORTHERN COAST ABOVE SHANGHAI AND OVERLAND FROM NEWCHWANG TO 



canton, august to DECEMBER 1907. 



This expedition along the northern coast and overland from Newchwang, in Manchuria, 

 to Canton, in Kwangtung, via Peking, Taijoiaiifu, Hankow, Changsha, and Kweilin, was 

 undertaken in accordance with instructions dated April 2, 1907. I was accompanied 

 throughout by Mr. C. K. Yue, a student of the Canton Christian College, who acted as 

 recorder and interpreter. The instrumental equipment comprised magnetometer and theodo- 

 lite C. I. W. No. 2 and dip circle Dover No. 171, which were supplied by the Department, 

 as well as the chronometers and other accessories. During May and June about 4 days were 

 spent on correspondence and plans relative to the proposed expedition, and in July a special 

 trip was made to Hongkong to obtain the magnetometer shipped from Washington. 



After 2 days at Honglok (Canton) spent in comparing magnetometer C. I. W. No. 2 

 with Chasselon No. 24, wluch had been used in Expeditions II and III, I left Canton for 

 Hongkong on August 3, and there devoted 2 weeks to making comparisons between magneto- 

 meters C. I. W. No. 2 and Elliott No. 55, which had been used in Expedition I, and to further 

 comparisons between magnetometers C. I. W. No. 2 and Chasselon No. 24. On August 19 

 I left Hongkong for Shanghai, arriving there on the 22d. On August 23 I obtained at the 

 Zikawei Observatory dip circle Dover No. 171 and various field accessories, including pocket 

 chronometer Kittel No. 231, which had been left there for me by Captain Peters, in command 

 of the Department's survey vessel, the Galilee. After 6 days spent in the comparison of 

 dip circle Dover No. 171 with Chasselon No. 20, which had been used in Expeditions II and 

 III, and in further comparisons of magnetometer C. I. W. No. 2 with ElHott No. 49, the 

 absolute instrument of the Zikawei Observatory, I left Shanghai by river steamer on August 

 30 and proceeded to Kiukiang, on the Yangtse. My work at the Zikawei Observatory was 

 considerably interrupted by an attack of incipient cholera, from the effects of which I did 

 not fully recover until the latter part of October. However, after the first week I was suffi- 

 ciently well to be able to travel and to carry out my schedule as planned. 



The trip from Shanghai to Kiukiang and retm-n was made necessary by the sudden 

 resignation of Dr. O. F. Wisner from the presidency of the Canton Christian College, so that 

 I had to proceed to Kuling, the mountain resort near Kiukiang, in order to arrange that the 

 executive duties at the college would be properly discharged by someone else during my 

 absence. Because of Mr. 0. D. Wannamaker's courtesy I was enabled to proceed with my 

 expedition in spite of Dr. Wisner's resignation. Advantage was taken of this round trip 

 on the Yangtse to secure magnetic observations at Wuhu and Nanking. I reached Shanghai 

 again on September 10 and conferred with the coast inspector, Captain William Tyler, who, 

 acting on the insti-uctions of Sir Robert Hart, referred to in the report of Expedition II, 

 extended to me the privilege of traveling on the customs-cruiser steamship Pingching on its 

 round of the northern lights between Shanghai and Newchwang. 



After further comparisons at Zikawei on September 11 to 14, I left Shanghai on the 

 Pingching at noon on September 14, and arrived at Newchwang on the evening of the 23d, 

 having occupied 5 stations en route, 4 of which would have been entirely inaccessible except 

 for the facilities thus afforded by the Chinese Customs Service. Captain Wiley and his 

 officers of the Pingching afforded every possible assistance. 



From Newchwang I went by rail to Peking, reaching there on the night of October 3, 

 ha\ang occupied 3 stations en route and having been somewhat delayed in Tientsin by 



