Observers' Field Reports 



101 



attempting to locate Fritsche's former station. In Peking I conferred with Sir Robert Hart, 

 inspector-general of the Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs, and with those in charge at 

 the British and American legations, through whom I made arrangements for traveler's cer- 

 tificate for my journey southward through the provinces. Thanks to the assistance of the 

 bishop in charge of the mission of the Greek Church, I was able to reoccupy Fritsche's former 

 station in Peking almost precisely. I left Peking by rail on the night of September 9, and 

 from Chentow, in Chihli, made a round trip to Taiyuanfu, in Shansi, having been provided 

 with free transportation by the engineer-in-chief of the Shansi Railway, then under construc- 

 tion, the latter half of the journey being made on work trains and the last few miles on horse- 

 back through the courtesy of Principal Soothill, of Shansi University. Returning to Chen- 

 tow, I again proceeded southward by rail to Hankow, occupying 3 stations en route. From 

 Hankow a round trip was made by river steamer to Kiukiang, and on November 1, I left 

 Hankow by steamer for Changsha, in Hunan, intending to observe en route at Yochow, which, 

 however, was prevented by storm. I left Changsha in a houseboat on November 6 at noon 

 and proceeded southward up the Siang River to Hengchow, which was not reached until the 

 evening of the 15th on account of adverse winds. From Hengchow I proceeded overland on 

 foot to Kweilin, in Kwangsi, which was reached on the afternoon of December 2 after con- 

 siderable delays on account of heavy rains. From Kweilin we descended the Fu River in a 

 houseboat, arriving at Wuchow on December 12, after 7 days of travel. From Wuchow the 

 return was made to Canton by way of Hongkong on the regular river steamers. 

 The following stations were occupied: 



1. Honglok, Kwangtung. 



2. Hongkong. 



3. Zikawei, Kiaugsu (reoccupied be- 



tween 5 and 6). 



4. Wuhu, Anhwei. 



5. Nanking, Kiangsu. 



6. Southeast Promontory, Shantung. 



7. Northeast Promontory, Shantung. 



8. Kungtungtao, Shantung. 



9. Chefoo, Shantung. 



10. Howki Island, Gulf of Pechihli 



11. Newchwang, Shengking. 



12. Chinchowfu, Shengking. 



13. Shanhaikwan, Chihli. 



14. Tientsin, Chihli. 



15. Peking, ChihU. 



16. Taiyuanfu, Shansi. 



17. Chentow, Chihli. 



18. Changte Ho, Honan. 



19. Chengchow, Honan. 



20. Chumatien, Honan. 



21. Hankow, Hupeh (reoccupied be- 



tween 22 and 23). 



22. Kiukiang, Kiangsi. 

 2.3. Changsha, Hunan. 



24. Hengchow, Hunan. 



25. Yungehow, Hunan. 



26. Kweilin, Kwangsi. 



27. Wuchow, Kwangsi. 



Stations Nos. 9, 11, 13, 14, and 15 were, as far as circumstances would pennit, practically 

 reoccupations of those of Fritsche, 1871 to 1883, although, with the exception of the station 

 at Peking, the precise location of his station could not be reoccupied. During January, 

 February, and March 1908, such time as could be spared from my college duties, amounting 

 in all to about 10 days, was devoted to computation and preparation of records and photo- 

 graphs, but no observations were made. 



The total time devoted to the work described under this expedition was 4 months and 

 24 days. The actual time spent in the field, not counting the journey from Canton to 

 Shanghai but including the time devoted to observations at Honglok and Hongkong before 

 starting out, was 137 days, or an average of 5 days per station. Observations were made 

 on 54 days and were prevented by bad weather on 28 days. The total travel was 5,783 miles, 

 of which 1,000 were by ocean steamer, 2,115 by river steamers (including 900 on the Yangtse 

 for the special trip mentioned above), 808 on the customs cruiser Pingching, 1,340 by rail 

 (215 of which were by courtesy of the Shansi Railway), 315 by sailboat, 10 on horse, and 195 

 on foot. The actual travel in the region of observation, not counting travel to and from the 

 field, was 3,883 miles, which required 48 days. The average travel per station was 144 miles. 

 The total expense, including the travel to and from the field, but not including the observer's 

 salary, was $818, or $30 per station. 



In addition to the facilities afforded by the Customs Service, as already mentioned, 

 assistance worthy of special note was also accorded by the United States consul at New- 

 chwang and the United States consul-general at Hankow. Assistance and courtesies were 

 also extended by various missionaries en route, and the cordial cooperation of the Zikawei 

 Observatory must again be acknowledged. 



