Observers' Field Reports 



107 



F. Brown, on Magnetic Work in Mongolia and the Northeastern Provinces of China. 



August 1915 to July 1916. 



Having made arrangements through my chief of party, Dr. C. K. Edmunds, for 

 an extended expedition in Mongolia and adjacent provinces in the north of China, I 

 left Canton August 4, 1915, with an instrumental outfit consisting of magnetometer No. 9, 

 dip circle 177 with needles 1, 2, 5, and 6, pocket chronometer, two watches, aneroid 

 barometer, observing tent, and miscellaneous equipment. As I was to meet Dr. Edmunds 

 at Kalgan in Chihli Province, opportunity was afforded by the journey to secure a few 

 stations en route. 



One day was spent in procuring the necessary police permit to leave the colony and in 

 securing passage to Shanghai, Shantung. At Shanghai a passport was received through 

 the office of the British Consul-General which gave permission to travel in the provinces 

 traversed on the way to Peking. I went by rail to Suchow An, Anhwei, where observa- 

 tions were made on August 11 and 12, and thence, with a stop of one day at Chufou to 

 visit the home of Confucius, to Tsinan, where observations had been made by Dr. Edmunds 

 in 1908, the new station being on the grounds of the proposed university. 



We then went by boat to Litsinghsien, near the mouth of the Yellow River, where 

 observations were made on August 19. The journey back to the railroad was made in 

 two Peking carts which were hired from village to village, usually for one day stages. 

 It was not possible to hire carts for the whole trip to the railway at Tehchow, because an 

 arrangement among themselves forbade any carter carrying beyond the limits of his own 

 district. We left Litsinghsien August 20, stayed over one day for observations at 

 Wuting, and reached Tehchow on August 25. 



The country throughout this journey was flat and intensely cultivated; long detours 

 were often necessary to avoid flooded roads, and those that could not be avoided were 

 sometimes 2 or 3 feet under water. The remainder of the trip was accomplished by rail 

 after stopping 2 days at Tsangchow for observations, and 3 days at Peking procuring the 

 necessary passports and introductions for the proposed work in Mongolia. On Sep- 

 tember 1, I reached Kalgan and reported to Dr. Edmunds, chief of party. The names of 

 the stations occupied between Canton and Kalgan, with their positions and dates of 

 occupation, are given below; for magnetic elements, see Table of Results. 



' No. 1 is in Anhwei Province; 

 in Chihli Province. 



Nos. 2, 3, 4, and 5 are in Shantung Province; and No. 6 ia 



Following the general instructions given me here by Dr. C. K. Edmunds, I organized 

 my party for the Mongolian work, taking with me Mr. Johansson, a Swedish missionary 

 to the Mongols, to act as interpreter-companion, a Chinese cook, and a Mongol horseman. 



After having purchased and packed the necessary stores and assembled the wagon 

 which had been sent out from the United States, we left Kalgan, September 8. The four- 

 wheel wagon belonging to the Department was only lightly laden in anticipation of the 

 rough stony road through the pass leading from Chihli up to Mongolia. The greater part 



