112 



Land Magnetic Observations, 1914-20 



to it, and repairs can more easily be effected. From inquiries made, it was learned that 

 travel by wagon is practicable from Urga to Uliassutai and from Urga to Hailai. In other 

 parts, except for the roads from Kalgan to Urga, a camel caravan is the best way to 

 travel, and is essential for successful trips in southwestern Mongolia. If possible, trips 

 in Mongolia and China should not be combined, for Mongols do not like the Chinese and 

 object to living at inns. Meat can always be purchased at Mongol camps, so that it is 

 unnecessary to carry any quantity of tinned meat. Dried fruit should be carried, for 

 neither fresh fruit nor vegetables can be procured. For trading with the Mongols for 

 sheep or even horses, sheath knives, chopsticks, and snuff bottles are the best and 

 least bulky articles to carry. A rifle and a shotgun for shooting antelope and water-fowl 

 should be included in the equipment. 



After disbanding the Mongolian party, I proceeded to Peking, reporting to Dr. 

 Edmunds, and began my preparations for the Manchurian expedition. Time was 

 allowed in the interval to occupy the stations named in the following table. 



1 These stations are all in Chihli Province. 



F. Brown, on Magnetic Work in Manchuria, July to October 1916. 



After completing the Mongolian work already described, complying with instructions 

 received through my chief of party, Dr. C. K. Edmunds, I next undertook an expedition 

 along the railways of Manchuria. My instrumental outfit consisted, as hitherto, of 

 magnetometer No. 9, dip circle No. 177 with 4 needles, pocket chronometer, 2 watches, 

 aneroid barometer, observing tent, and miscellaneous equipment. 



We started from Pehtaiho on July 11, 1916, making a short journey by cart to Fun- 

 inghsien, a small town about 17 miles west of Pehtaiho, where Fritsche made magnetic 

 observations in 1883, returning the following day to the nearest station on the Peking- 

 Moukden Railway. 



From this point the expedition followed the railway northeastward into Manchuria 

 as far as Kowpangtze, where a branch line by way of Newchwang connects the Peking- 

 Moukden Railway with the main line of the South Manchurian Railway from Dairen to 

 Harbin. After calls had been made on the British and Japanese Consulates at Newch- 

 wang, permission was readily obtained to make observations in the Kwantung Leased 

 Territory. From here our route was southward to Dairen and Port Arthur. At Dairen 

 permission to make observations was obtained from the Japanese police authorities 

 through the kind offices of the American Consul, Mr. A. A. Williamson, who also assisted 

 in the difficult task of securing a suitable site for the magnetic station. On the following 

 day I proceeded to Port Arthur, accompanied by Mr. Williamson, where we gained an 

 interview with the Governor-General, who gave the necessary permission to observe at 

 that famous fortress. 



Returning to Dairen on August 2, passage was taken on the steamer Sailsu Maru for 

 Antung at the mouth of the Yalu River on the border of Chosen (Korea). Leaving 

 Antung our travel was again over the railway northwestward to Moukden, which was 



