122 Land Magnetic Observations, 1914-20 



used but little. It is never repaired now and is, therefore, in bad condition, especially in 

 wet weather. The wet season commenced before Kwangnanfu was reached, and this 

 stage of the journey was, therefore, very unpleasant. 



From Puting the road followed the left bank of the turbid Shui Chiang River to 

 Kweitsao, a small village from which for the concluding 2 days of the overland journey it 

 led through hilly or mountainous country of red clay to Poyai, where we arrived May 31. 

 Here a boat was hired to take us to the important town of Poseh in Kwangsi. Poseh is the 

 limit of steam navigation on the West River, which is known here as the Yu Kiang. It is 

 a shipping point for hides, aniseed, shellac, and antimony from the district around. The 

 remainder of the route was made in launches and steamers to Canton, which was reached 

 June 26, where the long journey ended and the party was disbanded, Mr. Wu returning to 

 Chungking and the cook to Ichang. 



Table 15 (see p. 121) gives list of stations occupied, with dates and geographic 

 positions; for magnetic data, see Table of Results. 



Of the 66 magnetic stations occupied, 7 are repeat stations of the Department and 1 a 

 reoccupation of a station of the Indian Magnetic Survey. The actual time engaged on 

 field work from Chungking to Canton was 207 days, and the average field time per sta- 

 tion about 3.5 days; the total distance traveled is about 3,126 miles, making the average 

 field distance per station a little more than 50 miles, at an average field expense a little 

 less than $28.00 



The formation exposed in the Yangtze valley is red sandstone. In Yunnan it seems 

 to be chiefly granite and limestone. In many places the limestone outcrops from a red 

 clay soil. The southeast portion of Yunnan is mostly weathered limestone hills which 

 often rise abruptly out of plains of red clay. The same formation continues to Kweihsien 

 in Kwangsi. In Yunnan the elevations of the magnetic stations above sea-level ranged 

 from 1,100 feet to 8,300 feet at Laitowpo. The magnetic results obtained at Tungkwan, 

 Talifu, and Tengyueh would seem to point to local disturbances at these places. 



The Chinese Foreign Office passport, which insured the party full official courtesies 

 and protection and avoided any misunderstanding among the officials as to the nature 

 of the work, was procured through the kind efforts of Dr. Reinsch, the United States 

 Minister at Peking. Most courteous treatment was received from the American and 

 British consuls met en route. Valuable assistance in mail and money matters was gen- 

 erously given by the Postal Commissioners of Yunnan and Kwangsi. Missionaries 

 always extended hospitality to the party. Among those most frequently met were the 

 China Inland Mission, the American Baptist and the United Methodist missionaries. 

 I was most hospitably entertained at various places en route by the officers of the Chinese 

 Customs Service, many of whom took a kindly interest in the work. The British 

 officials at Bhamo in Upper Burma were also most courteous and helpful. 



F. Brown, on Magnetic Work in Southeastern China, August to December 1917. 



In accordance with instructions dated April 28 and May 21, 1917, I proceeded to 

 organize a party at Canton for the overland journey to Shanghai. The following equip- 

 ment was carried: theodolite magnetometer No. 9; dip circle No. 206, with needles 1 and 2 

 of 206, and 5 and 6 of 178; aneroid barometer; boiling-point apparatus; two pocket 

 chronometers; three watches; tripod; observing tent and appurtenances. 



Owing to the unsettled condition of South China, great difficulty was experienced 

 in obtaining an interpreter and a cook, but finally Mr. Loh Yui Po, a clerk of the banking 

 department of the Canton Christian College, and a cook named Ah Taam, were engaged. 

 The Chinese launch Chung Hon was taken the evening of August IS for the initial stage of 

 the journey, and Poklo, a small walled city of about 10,000 people, on the East River 

 (Tung Kiang), was reached by noon of the following day. Except for a robber, who got 



