WORK OF H. R. KREIDER. 109 



water, and its velocity more retarded. This, of course, we would expect from the 

 masses of the molecules alone, since those of methyl alcohol are so much greater 

 than those of water. 



In the third column, methyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol are compared. The fluidity 

 of methyl alcohol is 2.17 times as great as that of ethyl alcohol at 0; while the mean 

 of the conductivity ratios is 2.44. This would indicate that in ethyl alcohol the ions 

 are loaded down more than in methyl alcohol, which, again, we would expect. 

 This is the case at both and 25. The difference is, however, much less at 25 

 than at 0. At 25 the ratios of fluidity and conductivities are more nearly equal. 

 This would indicate that at the higher temperatures the ions are less retarded and, 

 accordingly, less solvated, as Jones and Bassett 1 have pointed out. 



The fact that the equation 



where s and s' are any two of the solvents above mentioned, holds for the values 

 in table 75 is in itself important. But it further shows approximately which salts 

 are solvated to the same extent in any given solvent, since it holds only in such cases. 

 For such salts as are not solvated to the same extent in a given solvent the equation 

 will, of course, not hold. 



We have worked with one salt, cobalt chloride, which is very hydroscopic, and 

 which has been shown by Jones and his coworkers to be strongly hydrated in aqueous 

 solutions. This salt shows a greater departure in the ratios of its conductivities 

 from the ratios of fluidities than is shown by the other salts that we studied. From 

 the results in the column /x M W/fx x E we see that cobalt chloride is much more loaded 

 down in ethyl alcohol than it is in water. The value of the ratio of fi^ in the two 

 solvents, 3.70, is greater than that of the other salts, 2.33, and much greater than the 

 value of the fluidity ratio of the two solvents, which is 0.995. 



From the column /x^M/^W we see that the ions of cobalt chloride are loaded 

 down more in methyl alcohol than in water, and that the ratios of the conductivities 

 deviate more from the ratios of fluidities than in the case of the other salts; but 

 this deviation ought not to be as great as in the case of water and ethyl alcohol, 

 since there is not so much difference between the masses of the molecules of methyl 

 alcohol and water as there is between those of ethyl alcohol and water. Comparing 

 the figures in this column we find that this is the case, since 0.99, the value of the 

 ratio of the conductivities of cobalt chloride, is less than 1.03, the ratio for the other 

 salts, and very much less than 2.18, the ratio of the fluidities of the two solvents. 



We would expect the cobalt chloride ions to be loaded down to the greatest extent 

 in ethyl alcohol, and that the conductivity in ethyl alcohol would be lower than in 

 methyl alcohol. This difference should be greater than that of the other salts which 

 are less solvated. We would expect the ratio fx^M/fi^E for this salt to show a 

 greater departure from the ratio of the fluidities of the two solvents than is shown 

 by the other salts. A comparison of the figures in column ^M/ytt^E shows this to 

 be the case. 



lAmer. Chem. Journ.. 34, 290 (1905). 



