PALEOLITHIC MAN IN AMERICA. 151 



it is well to refer to the results of others' labors in the same gen- 

 eral field. In an address before the American Association for the 

 Advancement of Science, at its Cleveland (Ohio) meeting, August, 

 1888, I referred to the Lockwood collection, now at the Peabody 

 Museum at Cambridge, Mass. This series of ancient stone imple- 

 ments is one of exceeding value, because the objects are nearly all 

 from shell-heaps on the coast of New Jersey. When arranging 

 this collection, I was much impressed with the fact that the argil- 

 lite implements, of which there were many considerable lots, were 

 all labeled by Prof. Lockwood as having been found alone i. e., 

 not associated with similar objects of jasper or quartz ; and again, 

 that with the argillite was much very rude pottery, that bore little 

 resemblance to the fragments of earthenware found in other places 

 associated with the jasper, quartz, and chert implements. Subse- 

 quently, Prof. Lockwood informed me that, while these various 

 finds did not vary in depth, they were very marked otherwise, 

 and he did not recall any special " find" where the commingling 

 of the two forms indicated that they had been in use at the same 

 time. 



Taking a hint from little brooks and the surrounding fields, 

 let us consider, in conclusion, the more pretentious rivers and their 

 surrounding uplands. Will the same results be obtained ? Can we 

 venture to reach out from the particular to the general ? These 

 were the questions that I frequently asked of myself, and, after 

 many a weary tramp and toilsome digging over a wide area, I am 

 happy to state that I believe my efforts have been crowned with a 

 full measure of success. What held good in a particular field 

 holds good of a county, and what I now claim for the tide-water 

 portion of the valley of the Delaware I believe is true of a much 

 more extended area. 



In no case have I been able to find stone implements signifi- 

 cantly distributed over a considerable space i. e., tracts of five 

 hundred to a thousand acres except where there was, or very re- 

 cently had been, running water. The ground, then, to be examined 

 was either the high land that shut in the valley, or the valley itself, 

 limiting that term to the banks of the stream and the immediately 

 adjacent meadow tracts ; exception being made where the bank of 

 the stream was and always had been very precipitous. In such a 

 case the brow of the bluff would be equivalent to the meadow or 

 low land of a gently sloping valley. 



In every such instance and I have made or have had made 

 many careful examinations of river and creek valleys the result 

 was the same : a very marked preponderance of argillite imple- 

 ments on the crests of the uplands, and a very great excess of jas- 

 per and quartz on the bottom land, or that directly adjacent to 

 the stream. From this condition I am led to infer that, when 



