326 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



referred to in the address, the fifteen super-illiterate States com- 

 bined cast but twenty-five per cent of the Greenback vote polled 

 by the single State of Michigan, while in the late presidential 

 election the same fifteen States cast but ten per cent more Labor- 

 Union votes than were cast in the State of Kansas alone, and 

 nine of the super-illiterate States fail to record the polling of a 

 Union-Labor vote. 



Far from mental stimulation being essential to moral devel- 

 opment, the most perfect order and deepest sense of justice are 

 often found associated with the densest ignorance among the low- 

 est races of humanity. Turn your attention to the Papuan-Isl- 

 anders,* the Veddahs,f the Dyaks of Borneo,! the Fuegians,* and 

 other barbarous races which, in the absence of rulers or organ- 

 ized societies, with no learning and but little acquaintance with 

 even the rude arts of many primitive people, have developed the 

 highest degree of tribal piety, integrity, chastity, and regard for 

 covenants almost unknown to civilized man. The testimony of 

 early travelers proves conclusively that intense poverty and deep 

 ignorance are by no means incompatible with honesty, integrity, 

 and virtue. 



The table shows that where the extremes of poverty and 

 wealth prevail, as in the Eastern States, there is found a maxi- 

 mum of moral and mental derangement, as exhibited in insanity, 

 crime, and vice. Where wealth is more evenly distributed, as in 

 the "Western States, there are noted less insanity and crime, but 

 almost as high a ratio of saloons as in the East. In the Southern 

 States, although having a low per capita of wealth, yet the men- 

 tal and moral forces of development are more nearly in adjust- 



* " It is worthy of remark that these simple islanders, without hope of reward or fear of 

 future punishment after death, live in such peace and brotherly love with one another, and 

 that they recognize the right of property in the fullest sense of the word, without there 

 being any authority among them other than the decision of their elders, according to the 

 customs of their forefathers, which are held in the highest regard." (Earl Kolff's " Voyages 

 of the Dogma," p. 161.) 



f " The Rock Veddahs are divided into small clans, or families, associated for relation- 

 ship, who agree, partitioning the forests among themselves for hunting-grounds, the limits 

 of each family's possession being marked by streams, hills, rocks, or some well-known 

 trees, and these conventional allotments are always honorably recognized and mutually pre- 

 served from violation. Each party has a head man, the most energetic senior of the tribe, 

 but who exercises no authority except distributing at a particular season the honey capt- 

 ured by the members of the clan." (Tennant, ii, p. 440.) 



% " The Dyaks' minds are as healthy as their bodies ; theft, brawling, and adultery are 

 unknown to them." (Boyle's " Borneo," p. 335.) 



"The Dyaks are manly, hospitable, honest, kindly, and humane to a degree which might 

 well shame ourselves." (Ibid, p. 215.) 



* " Nothing like a chief could be made out among the Fuegians of Blunder Cove, nor 

 did they seem to require one for the peace of their society, for their behavior one to 

 another was most affectionate, and all property seemed to be possessed in common." 

 (Weddell's "Voyages toward the South Pole," p. 168.) 



