454 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY, 



ably in hell ; that there was life in the salt statue ; and that it 

 was still curious regarding its old neighbors. 



Hence such travelers in the latter years of the century as 

 Count Albert of Lowenstein and Prince Nicholas Radzivill are 

 not at all weakened in faith by failing to find the statue ; what 

 the former is capable of believing is seen by his statement that in 

 a certain cemetery at Cairo during one night in the year the dead 

 thrust forth their feet, hands, limbs, and even rise wholly from 

 their graves. 



There seemed, then, no limit to these pious beliefs. The idea 

 that there is merit in credulity, with the love of myth-making 

 and miracle-mongering, constantly made them larger. Nor did 

 the Protestant Reformation, which now came in, diminish them 

 at first ; it rather strengthened them and fixed them more firmly 

 in the popular mind. They seemed destined to last forever. How 

 they were thus strengthened at first, under Protestantism, and 

 how they were finally dissolved away in the atmosphere of scien- 

 tific thought, will be shown in the following chapter.* 



-*- 



THE LOCALIZATION OF INDUSTRIES. 



Bt J. J. MENZIES. 



AMONG the ancient peoples of the far East any exchange of 

 productions was necessarily on a small scale. Means of 

 transport were limited by land, to the backs of men and animals ; 

 and by water, to rivers and such lakes or inland seas as could 

 be safely navigated by small and rudely constructed boats. Most 

 commodities were raised, manufactured, and consumed within very 

 restricted areas, with little division of labor ; and excepting nat- 

 urally abundant agricultural products and domestic animals were, 

 therefore, inferior and expensive, and men could only accommo- 

 date themselves to variations in crops by lavish consumption when 

 they were abundant, and by starvation when they were scanty. 

 In later times, the art of navigation was so far improved as to ex- 

 tend trading along the shores of the Mediterranean, and eventu- 

 ally across it, by which means countries situated round about that 

 great inland sea were brought into close communication with each 

 other, a rapid advance in the arts and sciences resulted, countries 

 hitherto little known were explored, a larger exchange of com- 

 modities was effected, and surpluses and deficits were made to bal- 



* For Father Anselm, see his " Descriptio Terra? Sanctae," in H. Canisius, " Thesaurus 

 Monument. Eccles.," Basnace edition, Amsterdam, 1725, vol. iv, p. 7S8. For Giraudet, see 

 his " Discours du Voyage d'Oultre Mer . . . et autres Lieux de la Terre Saincte," Paris, 

 1585, p. 50a. For Radziwill and Lowenstein, see the " Reyssebuch," especially p. 198a. 



