THE IIANGCHOW BORE 229 



should be entirely kept from entering behind the wall. At Haining 

 the Chinese engineers have succeeded in accomplishing this very satis- 

 factorily in a twofold fashion— viz., by a sea-foot proper and by fre- 

 quent projecting " buffers," a combination which, besides giving a sub- 

 stantial sea-barrier, also affords excellent and frequent refuges for the 

 junks whose masters must needs brave the dangers and difficulties of 

 navigation in a river so fiercely tide-swept as this is. 



At the level of the sixteenth ledge from the top, in this step-like 

 face of the wall just referred to, i. e., about twenty feet below the top 

 of the wall, there extends outward a heavy granite platform several 

 layers deep and about fifteen feet wide. At the outer edge of this 

 several rows of piles are set close together and deeply driven into the 

 river-bed. Here there is a drop of four or five feet followed by another 

 shelving granite platform, somewhat wider than the first and similarly 

 edged with several rows of much heavier and more numerous piles. 

 Here there is a further drop of six or eight feet to a sandy beach which 

 for a yard or two is rock strewn and studded with piles, a ragged fringe 

 of which about ten feet farther out marks the outer edge of this re- 

 markable barrier. 



At intervals of half a mile, at least in the immediate vicinity of 

 Haining, huge projecting buffers in semi-elliptical form have been built 

 of brush and piles. The ends of the brush, which has been stacked 

 and interwoven in horizontal layers, are presented on all sides and 

 down through the mass several concentric rings of stout piles have been 



From the Top of the Sea Wall during the After-rush. Compare with the Last 

 Picture and note Change in Water Levil. 



