PREHISTORIC ABORIGINES OF MINNESOTA 209 



Siouan stock. Hence again, for the purpose of the present discussion, 

 the Iroquois may be considered with the Siouan family. 



Of these four great family stocks it will be the purpose of this 

 paper to deal mainly with the last two mentioned, i. e., the Algonquian 

 and the Siouan. 



In the Algonquian family are embraced the following tribes, as 

 stated by J. W. Powell, as well as several other small tribes that domi- 

 nated the north Atlantic coast; the arrangement here is that of D. G. 

 Brinton in the previsional order of their linguistic affinities, the oldest 

 and perhaps the parent tongue, the Kilistino, heading the list : 



Cree (Kilistino) 

 Old Algonkin 

 Montagnais 



Ojibwa 



Ottawa 



Pottawotomi 



Miami 



Illinois 



Pea 



Piankishaw 



Kaskaskia 



Menominee 



Sac 



Fox 



Kikapoo 



Micmac 



Etchemin 



Abnaki 



Delaware 

 Shawnee 

 Mohecan 

 Nanticoke 



Gros Ventres (of the Plains)* 

 Sheyenne 



To these may be added the Arapahoe, associates of the Sheyenne in 

 Wyoming, not mentioned by Brinton. These show, according to 

 Krceber, certain characteristics that mark them as differing from the 

 other Algonquians, both in speech and in tribal organization. There 

 is no history or tradition of their origin. They have no clans nor 

 totemic divisions, whereas these are marked features of the most of the 

 Algonquian stock. Certain more elemental characteristics of their 

 dialect, and the certainty of their having long preceded the Sheyenne in 

 their present habitats, seem to warrant the assumption that they are 

 more primitive than even the Kilistino. 



The area formerly occupied by the Algonquian family was more extensive 

 than that of any other linguistic stock of North America, their territory reach- 

 ing from Labrador to the Rocky Mountains, and from Churchill River of Hudson 

 Bay as far south at least as Pamlico Sound of North Carolina. (Powell.) 



2 There were two tribes of Gros Ventres, so named by the French, distin- 

 guished as Gros Ventres of the Missouri, a tribe of the Siouan tongue, and 

 Gros Ventres of the Plains, who were Algonquian. 



vol. lxxiii. — 14. 



