2io POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 



The Dakotan, or Siouan, family comprised the following Indian 

 nations, arranged approximately in order of apparent derivation: 



Biloxi 

 Tutelo 

 Waccon 

 Catawba 



Huron Iroquois? 

 Cherokee ? 



Winnebago 



Omaha 



Osage 



Issati 



Mandan 



Missouri 



Dakota 



Iowa 



Ottoe 



Hidatsa (and Crows) 



having numerous subtribes, viz., Santee, Sisseton, Wahpeton, Yankton, 

 Yanktonai, Teton, Blackfeet, Minneconjou, Ogalala, Ponka, Assini- 

 boin, Akansea, Kansa and others. 



The position above assigned to the Cherokee and Iroquois is con- 

 jectural, but is based on the statements of some authorities. Mr. 

 Horatio Hale has sufficiently established the connection between the 

 tongues of the Cherokee and the Iroquois, and Mr. Mooney has shown 

 the relation between the Cherokee and the primitive tribes of the tongue 

 in South Carolina. It may be that the alliance of the Iroquois with 

 the Dakotan stock is so feeble that the two should be considered as sepa- 

 rate stocks. But, for reasons that will appear, the Cherokee (Tselaki), 

 the ancient Alligewi, seem to have had an ancestry which was cognate 

 with that of the Dakota. It will be shown that they both moved from 

 their pristine seat on the Atlantic coast in the Carolinas, where some 

 archaic remnants of both tongues still continued in early American 

 history. 



The country occupied by the great Dakota stock, aside from the 

 small tribes that remained near the Atlantic, was, in general, the " in- 

 terior continental basin " so far as it lay west of the Mississippi River 

 and east of the Rocky Mountains, with a broad tongue that extended 

 into Canada so as to take in some of the waters that reach Hudson Bay, 

 west of Lake Winnipeg. It covered the Missouri Valley except in its 

 utmost upper reaches in the region of the Yellowstone Park, which be- 

 longed to the Shoshonean stock, and excepting also the valley of the 

 Platte. It extended eastward in a narrow tongue, across the 

 Mississippi, through southern Wisconsin to Lake Michigan, an anom- 

 alous geographic exception, the important significance of which will 

 be referred to later. As to Minnesota, it was divided between the 

 Algonquian and the Dakota stocks, the larger part being in possession of 

 the Dakota. The Kilistino, an Algonquian tribe, were in the north and 

 northeast, in the wooded region north of Lake Superior. Their 



