2 2o POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 



remained, some " beyond the Mississippi/' and others " where they left 

 them on this side of the river/' in the words of the missionary. 



Mr. G. E. Squier (1848) later examined this tradition. He fell 

 into the possession of a series of original manuscripts, "through the 

 hands of the executors of the lamented Nicollet/' among which was 

 one by Professor C. S. Rafmesque, which was entitled the " Walum 

 Olum/' a record preserved on painted sticks, translated by Rafmesque 

 from the original symbols and the Algonquian words written along 

 with them by some interpreter who understood both. 



Omitting those portions relating to the creation of the earth, to 

 the deluge and the running off of the waters which show the effects 

 of contact with the European missionaries, I will briefly mention the 

 views of Mr. Squier and the points of coincidence or divergence from 

 the rendition of Heckewelder. Mr. Squier says : 



The details of the migrations here recounted, particularly so far as they 

 relate to the passage of the Mississippi and the subsequent contest with the 

 Tallegwi or Allegwi, and the final expulsion of the latter, coincide generally 

 with those given by various authors, and well known to have existed among 

 the Delawares. 



According to the Rafmesque rendition, as given by Squier, there 

 were two great wars. The first was after a migration from the north 

 to the south, attended by a contest with a people denominated Snakes, 

 who were driven toward the east, and the Lenape remained for a time 

 in their land, and multiplied and spread toward the south to a beauti- 

 ful land which is also called " big-fir " land. In consequence of drouth 

 they move again south into the buffalo land. Here they dwell for 

 some time, when finally their chief leads them toward the rising sun 

 and they arrive at the " Messissipee " or the Great River, the Missis- 

 sippi, when they stop ; but they soon descry the Tallegwi and make war 

 upon them. This war continues through the lives of several chiefs, 

 but ends by the expulsion of the Tallegwi who were driven southward, 

 the victors taking possession of the land where they resided and 

 flourished under a long succession of chiefs. Here they built towns and 

 planted corn, and here, after the expulsion of the Allegewi, is the first 

 mention of the Iroquois, and instead of being their allies they are 

 enemies. They are called Talamatan and Mengwe. 



Then commences, apparently, a repetition of the same narration in 

 different words and more in detail, a characteristic feature of many 

 ancient records and legends. In this account, the Lenape departed 

 from a northland, where it was cold and froze and stormed, and they 

 went south to possess milder lands abounding in game. They hunted 

 in all directions and came to the Snake land, whose inhabitants fled 



