PREHISTORIC ABORIGINES OF MINNESOTA 225 



that stock controlled it till the last incursion of the Ojibway from Lake 

 Superior, when, with the great battle of Kathio, another culminating 

 event of the hereditary war took place. This brings us to recent time 

 in Minnesota and it is not necessary to enter upon later tragic events. 



There is still, however, one other point to which I wish to refer, 

 viz., in coming to Minnesota those mound-builders who ascended the 

 Mississippi above the mouth of the Wisconsin Eiver returned to their 

 former home. They may have recognized it as the scene of their first 

 defeat by the Lenape, and probably some of them remained there and 

 resumed the construction of mounds. It is admitted by all who have 

 given attention to the subject that the effigy mounds are of a class dis- 

 tinct from and older than 'the tumuli that are scattered amongst them 

 and which prevail in Minnesota and Dakota. The "Winnebago may 

 have been effigy-builders when the Lenape crossed the Mississippi. 

 If so, they must have fled northward from their enemies, instead of 

 southward, and thus escaped the fate of their kindred. They perhaps 

 remained in southern Wisconsin during the whole Lenap'Alligewi war, 

 and so probably welcomed the fugitives on their return. This may 

 account for that curious geographical extension of the Dakota stock 

 on the east of the Mississippi in a narrow tongue reaching Lake Mich- 

 igan; and it also accounts for the fact that linguistically the Winne- 

 bago dialect is one of the oldest of the Siouan stock found in the upper 

 Mississippi region ; and further, that the Winnebago are called " grand- 

 fathers " by the other tribes. 



Thus it appears that the mound-builder dynasty was divided into 

 two parts by a great national misfortune. The Ohio dynasty endured 

 a long period of time. It was probably coeval with the effigy mound- 

 building period or closely followed it. The Minnesota dynasty is com- 

 paratively recent, and was short, at the utmost not exceeding 500 years, 

 and extended down to the incoming of the whites. 



In conclusion, I can make the merest reference to another prehis- 

 toric migration affecting Minnesota, of later date than the preceding. 

 It is well established by coherent and reliable tradition that the Hidatsa 

 Indians, associates of the Mandans on the upper Missouri, also called 

 Minnitari, of the same stock as the Mandans, migrated from Minnesota 

 across the prairie and settled with the Mandans. 



We see then that the succession of dynasties in Minnesota is as 

 follows : 



1. Algonquian (small area in the southeast also held by the Ohio 

 mound-builders) . 



2. Siouan, fugitives from Ohio (establishing the Minnesota dynasty 

 of mound-builders). 



3. Ojibwa (Algonquian) incursion from Lake Superior, dividing 

 the state with the Siouan people. 



4. Aryan civilization. 



