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POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 



gorgonian. The photograph was taken 

 while the fish was in rapid movement. 

 The expanded polyps may be seen on 

 the gorgonian just above the fish and 

 elsewhere. The lower picture shows 

 a group of parrot fishes, of at least 

 three species, and several surgeons 

 against a background of branching 

 gorgonians on a ledge of rock. Near 

 the center is a blue and yellow-striped 

 grunt, Hcemulon flavolineatum. At the 

 left of this is a blue parrot-fish, Cal- 

 lyodon cceruleus. At the right of the 

 grunt is a green parrot-fish, Callyodon 

 vetula, about eighteen inches long. 

 Beneath the green parrot is a mottled 

 parrot-fish (Sparisoma?) . Above the 

 grunt is a second mottled parrot and 

 to the left of this a third. At the 

 extreme left are two surgeons, Hepatus 

 hepatus; a third is seen below the 

 green parrot. Above the green parrot, 

 in the background, is a purple sea fan, 

 Rhipidoglossa. In most of the fish the 

 details of the markings and the out- 

 lines of the scales are clearly shown in 

 the original photographs. 



Subaquatic photographs such as 

 these show a lack of distinctness which 

 appears to be due to the turbidity of 

 even the clearest water and to reflected 

 light. But, as Professor Reighard 

 points out, the lack of distance and 

 flatness of the objects are truthful 

 representations of the conditions that 

 actually obtain. From the artistic 

 point of view, they can not be regarded, 

 therefore, as defects, though from the 

 scientific point of view they place 

 limitations on subaquatic photography. 



SCIENTIFIC ITEMS 

 We record with regret the death of 

 M. Antoine Henri Becquerel, the emi- 

 nent French physicist, and of Dr. 

 Friedrich Paulsen, professor of philos- 

 ophy at Berlin. 



Professor C. 0. Whitman, head of 

 the department of zoology in the Uni- 

 versity of Chicago, has resigned the 

 directorship of the Marine Biological 

 Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass., which 

 he has held for the past twenty years. 

 Professor Frank R. Lillie, of the Uni- 

 versity of Chicago, the assistant di- 

 rector, has been elected to the director- 

 ship. — Mr. F. J. Seaver, assistant bot- 

 anist of the North Dakota Agricultural 

 College, has been appointed director 

 of laboratories in the New York Bot- 

 anical Garden. — Professor Rufus I. 

 Cole, of the Johns Hopkins University, 

 has accepted the directorship of the 

 Research Hospital of the Rockefeller 

 Institute of New York City. 



By the will of the late Senator 

 William F. Villas the University of 

 Wisconsin will ultimately receive his 

 entire estate, valued at between two 

 and three million dollars. By the 

 provisions of the will, Mrs. Villas re- 

 ceives the income during her lifetime, 

 and after her death her daughter re- 

 ceives $30,000 a year. After the 

 property is given to the university, 

 part of the income will be reserved 

 until the principal becomes $30,000,000. 

 The will provides for the erection of a 

 Henry Villas Theater, and for the 

 establishment of ten professorships, 

 each with a salary of not less than 

 $8,000, nor more than $10,000 a year. 

 — By the will of Frederick Cooper 

 Hewitt, Yale University receives $500,- 

 000; the New York Post-graduate 

 School and Hospital $2,000,000, and 

 the Metropolitan Museum of Art $1,- 

 500,000 and the residue of the estate. 

 —An anonymous gift of $100,000 has 

 been made to the Vienna Academy of 

 Sciences for the establishment of a 

 " Radium Institute " in connection 

 with the new physical laboratories of 

 the University of Vienna. 



