1889.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 259 



three small spines on lower margin of preopercle ; upper lip scarcely 



fringed ; no retractile tentacle in month. Kathf/iostoma, 1 . 



aa. Spinous dorsal of four well developed spines; scales present. 



c. Head covered above with bone except a small region between 

 and in front of the eyes, the bony occipital plate coalescing with the 

 orbital rims. 



d. Head with spines ; humeral spine well developed ; one strong 

 spine on subopercle, four smaller ones on preopercle, all directed 

 downward ; one small spine directly above and in front of humeral 

 spine; four low, stout protuberances on top of head pointing back- 

 ward ; naked space between eyes extending back to posterior part of 

 orbits; upper lip and nostrils not fringed; retractile tentacle in 

 mouth more or less developed. Uranoscopus, 2. 



<l<l. Head without spines; humeral spine obsolete; occipital 

 region with bluntish projections; naked space between eyes extend- 

 ing back to near middle of orbits ; lips and nostrils fringed ; no 

 retractile tentacle in mouth. Astros* 'o its, 3. 



cc. Head above not entirely covered with bone, the occipital plate 

 ceasing much behind the orbits; from the middle line anteriorly a 

 Y-shaped bony process extends forward, the tips of the fork between 

 the eyes ; a trapezoidal space on either side of the Y, covered by 

 naked skin, bounded by the Y, the eyes, the suborbitals and the 

 occipital plate. A covered furrow behind and on the inner side of 

 each eye terminating near front of orbits, its edges fringed. Head 

 without spines ; humeral spine obsolete ; lips and nostrils fringed ; 

 no retractile tentacle in mouth. Epsilonphorus, 4. 



KATHETOSTOMA. 



Kathetostoma Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus. II. 231, 1860 (Iceve). 



Type. Uranoscopus Icevis Bloch and Schneider. 



Etymology. Kdthetos, vertical ; stoma, mouth. 



This genus includes two or three species, all but one belonging to 

 the East Indian fauna. 



Analysis of American species of Kathetostoma. 



a. Head very large, its upper surface covered with coarsely gran- 

 ular striate bones ; eye 3 in interorbital space ; front of dorsal nearer 

 tip of caudal than to snout, its base ecpual to distance from its ante- 

 rior insertion to occipital bone, its longest ray (3d) 2 in its base ; 

 front of anal opposite front of dorsal, its base somewhat longer, its 

 height equal to that of dorsal, its longest rays reaching to base of 



