THE PRUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. 177 



with him in his work. The latter spenl sixteen years in Paris on a 

 collection of plants carried thither by Alexander von Humboldt, and 

 at his death left a herbarium containing .">.">, 000 specimens, which the 

 government was wise enough to purchase. Zoology and anatomy were 

 represented in the academy by Rudolphi, Lichtenstcin, Ehrenberg, 

 Klug and Johannes Miiller. The first named was director of the zoo- 

 logical museum, which he made the finest in Europe. He was author 

 of 'Journeys in South Africa.' Klug worked in entomology for more 

 than half a century, and at his death left the museum more than 80,000 

 species of insects in more than 260,000 specimens. He gave no little 

 attention to the study of spiders and shells. Ehrenberg is famous 

 throughout the world as a microscopist. The titles to his papers, his 

 reports to the academy and his works fill twenty-five pages in the quarto 

 catalogue of the academy. In anatomy and physiology the studies of 

 Miiller, who was twenty-five years in the academy, were epoch-making 

 for the science of biology. It is admitted that he made physiology a 

 science. Alexander von Humboldt was recognized as the most dis- 

 tinguished man of science of his generation. Devoting himself to no 

 single department of science, he became eminent as a man of almost 

 universal knowledge. At his death the king consented that his friends 

 should establish a fund in his memory, the income of which is avail- 

 able under the direction of the academy for journeys in various parts 

 of the world in the interest of such studies as Humboldt himself had 

 most eagerly pursued. Carl Hitter was the founder of the scientific 

 study of geography. Ideler combined the study of modern languages, 

 in which he was an adept, with the study of mathematics and astron- 

 omy. F. A. Wolff gave himself to philology, a science which he did 

 a great deal to form and develop. Niebuhr, Buttmann, Boeckh, Bek- 

 ker, Suesmilch were ornaments to the academy. The last named was 

 followed by Lachmann and Meineke, and these in turn by Hirst and 

 Uhden, who began the study of archeology, which E. Gerhard did so 

 much to push forward into the prominence it deserves. In Borne 

 Xiebuhr gathered many manuscripts, which were of use in the prepara- 

 tion of the Latin inscriptions. Though a librarian, Buttmann gave 

 himself to lexicography and grammar. While England and America 

 are deeply indebted to him for his 'Grammar of the Greek Language,' 

 which first appeared in 1820, it is not too much to say that he made 

 the study of that language popular and scientific for his native land. 

 Lachmann, who lived from 1793 to 1851, was a born critic. He was 

 a student of old dialects of modern languages, as well as of the classics 

 and of the text of the Xew Testament. Zumpt was distinguished as 

 a Latinist and for his grammar of that language. E. Gerhard was 

 famous as an archeologist, but was most useful in carrying through 

 Mommsen's plan for gathering, collecting, arranging and publishing 

 the Latin inscriptions. Francis Bopp came to Berlin at the suggestion 



VOL. LXV. — 12. 



