THE SAN JOSE SCALE. 3°9 



rcscnf American varieties. Most of the stock came from California, 

 and much of it was undoubtedly infested with San Jose scale when it 

 was received. There is, therefore, throughout these northern apple 

 orchards, a mild infestation with this scale. The Japanese are very 

 enthusiastic in their efforts to gain all the benefits of western civiliza- 

 tion, and this is shown in horticultural as well as in other fields. The 

 three leading nurseries, therefore, of Japan have been very active dur- 

 ing the last twenty or thirty years in importing the different varieties 

 of pear, peach and apple from America, and all three of these nursery 

 districts have become infested with San Jose scale, evidently from such 

 importations from California, where the scale has been widely dis- 

 tributed for thirty years. Outside these nurseries, however, in cen- 

 tral and southern dapan, the San Jose scale did not occur, except where 

 it had been introduced on new stock from the nurseries referred to. 

 The old native pear orchards were free from scale, except where re- 

 plants had been made of American varieties, or new native stock, to 

 fill in breaks in the orchards. The infestation was very often just 

 beginning and immediately surrounded the replants. In all Japan, 

 therefore, in the little house gardens and temple grounds where were 

 cherry, plum and other trees suitable for San Jose scale, this insect 

 did not occur, except where the evidence was very plain of its recent 

 introduction as indicated. Without going into details of the evidence, 

 it is sufficient to say that the conditions in Japan are essentially the 

 .same as in this country. The San Jose scale is a recent comer. It 

 was, in fact, not known in Japan prior to the year 1897, when its 

 presence there was first determined, but it has now been scattered 

 pretty widely by nursery stock, exactly as in this country, and occurs 

 under similar conditions; in other w T ords, only where it has been re- 

 cently introduced. The investigation showed very distinctly that 

 Japan could not be considered responsible for the San Jose scale. 



Explorations in China. 

 Investigations up to this point, while freeing Japan from the onus 

 of giving the San Jose scale to the world, left the problem unsettled 

 as to the original home of this insect. China remained as the most 

 likely place of origin, and the writer proceeded to China to continue 

 his explorations there. While in Japan a good deal of information 

 was gained relative to fruit conditions in China, from English, German 

 and American residents who were spending the summer months 

 in Japan to escape the rather trying climate of China. In 

 brief, it may be stated that deciduous fruits are grown from the 

 Shanghai region northward, the peach being practically the only fruit 

 grown to any extent about Shanghai. The great apple district of 





