hammatt NATURE-STUDY AT QUANSET 135 



of rock found, from which ridges or mountains it was broken. It 

 had swept this drift along in its current as rivers sweep along tree 

 trunks and other wreckage in their rush to the sea. 



And thus came the "tumbled hills" of Plymouth and the bay 

 shore, simply sliding and tumbling from the edge of the Cape Cod 

 glacier as it m.elted. They are called glacial moraine, and because 

 they come from the end of the glacier, they are called terminal 

 moraine. 



The extreme reach south of the Cape Cod glacier is supposed to 

 have been Nantucket, Martha's Vineyard and Block Island, where 

 evidence is found of terminal moraine. In the Elizabeth Islands, 

 Southern Rhode Island and Long Island are terminal moraines from 

 the western glacier. 



Meanwhile, on the west,-was dropped the lateral (side) moraine. 

 Wherevei the two glaciers flowed side by side we find the inter- 

 lobate moraine, or the moraine between the lobes of the two gla- 

 ciers. And since the Buzzard's Bay glacier melted first, that from 

 the Cape Cod Bay side "spilled over" to the west and formed 

 the valley at Bourne through which the canal has been dug. 



As the Cape Cod Bay glacier melted, huge blocks of ice, still 

 covered by earth and rocks, broke off here and there. In time 

 the ice melted from beneath, making ice-block holes or "kettle 

 holes." Later on the surface waters made lakes and ponds of 

 many of these. These lakes have no outlet and need none, for 

 the water seeps away into the loose porous glacial soil. 



There are several kettle hole ponds and swamps and very many 

 dry kettle holes near camp. Cliff Pond is a kettle hole. 



The irregularity of the glacial deposit cuts off drainage and 

 causes fresh water swamps. Thus it has aided in the establishment 

 of cranberry culture. 



With the melting of the ice, sands, clays and gravels washed 

 out from beneath the Cape Cod glacier (sorted on the way) were 

 spread out into a great outwash plain. This covers the whole 

 south shore of Cape Cod from Falmouth through Chatham and 

 slopes gradually toward the sound. Over this plain meandered 

 streams of glacial waters to the shore of the sound, excavating 

 shallow channels, now valleys. Into some of these the sea has 

 since made its way and has formed tidal runs or salt rivers so called, 

 while others are swampy. 



