1897.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 417 



examination of the rocks from Miniar to Simskaia. The cliffs 

 were made np (counting from the base) of lower Devonic lime- 

 stones (D*), the limestones and dolomites (D|), the Spirifer 

 Archiaci limestones (D 3 ), and the lower Carbonic limestones C r 

 Below the Miniar works the D|, limestones show in places the 

 cabbage structure. About the mouth of the Kalosleika the lower 

 Carbonic limestones crop out containing an abundance of foramen i- 

 fera, (Eudothyra parva, Fusulinella Struvii, Arclmdiscus Karreri, 

 and fragments of Produetus striatus and Chonetes papilionacea.) 

 The borders of the lake of Simsk offer a classical section for the 

 study of the deposits of Artinsk, and Carbonic sediments. 



The journey was continued up the valley of the Eralka and down 

 the valley of the river Berdiach, still in the deposits of Artinsk. 

 At the (Baschkir) village of Yakhia the Carbonic limestones are 

 again met. 



These show themselves all along the route to Oust-Kataw, where 

 the fossil remains are very abundant. 



Between Oust-Kataw and Wiazowaia the same Devonic series 

 is several times repeated. At Wiazowaia the railway was left 

 and a section was made in drosckkes to the mines of Bakal. 

 The succession D, D], D 2 2 , is thrice repeated between Wiazowaia 

 and the village of Perwoukhina the highest crests being formed 

 of the first named bed, which, two faults successively raise. It is 

 in these three mountains Chouida, Irkouskan and Boulandikha, (all 

 of lower Devonic), that the very rich iron ores of Bakal are found. 

 They have been worked for a century and a half but as yet and 

 for a long time in the future the work has been and will be done in 

 open cuts. The variegated quartzites and quartzose schists are cut 

 by dykes and massives of diabase. 



The mineral masses of Hematite and Siderite are exclusively found 

 in the middle member of the above series or the variegated schists 

 where they are sometimes 40 meters and more in thickness. Besides 

 this the minerals show themselves sometimes iu pockets. A glance 

 is sufficient to show the intimate connection between the dolomitic 

 limestones and the mineral deposits. One can follow step by step 

 the transition of the limestones into spathic iron and that into 

 hematite. When the mines were first exploited only Hematite was 

 found at a short distance from the surface, since then in proportion 

 to the depth of the workings spathic iron has been found with 

 passage into dolomitic limestone. The mines of Bakal and Satkinsk 



