450 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [1897. 



the Kama. At the 11th werst a gray, friable, calcareous sand- 

 stone P i appears. Between the village Malaia-Yezowaia and 

 Motowilikha is an outcrop of gray friable, partly calciferous sand- 

 stone P \ horizontally bedded and alternating with marly clays of 

 reddish brown and gray marls. Near Motowilikha the hill is cut 

 by the deep valley of the rivers Motowilikha and Iwa. On the 

 light side of this valley in a hill known as Wychka the greenish or 

 reddish gray calciferous sandstones Pi crop out, alternating with 

 clay marls of deep red and thin seams of light gray marl, all covered 

 by sandy clay of yellowish brown, and pebbles. From here to Perm 

 the outcrop is almost continuous of more or less friable calciferous 

 sandstones of greenish or reddish gray color alternating with deep 

 red or gray clay marls, aud covered by post-pliocene deposits, more 

 or less yellowish brown sandy clay, yellow or gray argillaceous sand 

 and pebbles. The dip near Perm and Motowilikha is very gentle, 

 but visible S-3°. [L. G., X.] 



Perm. — The city is built on the left bank of the great river 

 Kama, which resembles in many superficial features the upper 

 Missouri. The first view of this river at Perm, (which is 650 kilo- 

 meters over its bed from its source, and about 700 kilometers from 

 its junction with the Volga), is likely to cause astonishment at its 

 breadth and importance ; and indeed at the delta near Bogovodskoie 

 where it joins the mighty Volga, the Kama appeared in August to 

 be the larger stream of the two. The city of Perm is built on 

 quite high hills which are cut deeply by the Tchoussowaia and by 

 ravines, one of which latter is a short distance north of the town. 

 The Kama is perhaps three-quarters of a mile broad at the landing 

 place of Perm and its banks are reddish on the steep face next to 

 the water. The shores are well covered with sod and the hills back 

 of the flats on the right bank are well w r ooded and from 100 to 250 

 feet high, showing in places clearings and cultivated farms. 



On the hills of Kama's left bank as well as on those laid bare by 

 the ravines just alluded to, the beds of the upper part of the lower 

 Permian stage, are well exhibited, (P\). They are gray or brownish 

 gray sandstones interstratified with more or less marly red and 

 brownish red clays. 



In the river section and also in the ravine just alluded to, these 

 beds are partially covered by a more or less arenaceous clay, inter- 

 calated with sand passing in places into gravel. These last deposits 

 belong to the post-pliocene era. The typical Permian of Perm 



