1897.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 225 



Of Algonquin stock there were wandering Shawnee invasions of 

 the mountain regions west of the Susquehanna in Pre-Columbian 

 times. The Assiwikales of the sea-board in 1731 settled along the 

 Susquehanna and in the watershed of the Monongahela. The Al- 

 gonkian Nantichokes of Maryland also migrated up the Susquehanna 

 during the middle of the 18th century, settling with the Iroquois at 

 Juniata and Shamokin, and they probably built the mounds cover- 

 ing heaps of human bones near Sunbury, identified by Mr. H. C. 

 Mercer. By the year 1800 they had left Pennsylvania and dwin- 

 dled to five families living among the Iroquois of western New 

 York. 



Of the existing Indians which represent the ancient occupants or 

 claimants of central Pennsylvania there were 98 Senecas and Onon- 

 dagas living in 1890 on the Cornplanter Reservation in Warren 

 County. There were also 255 Senecas in Indian Territory, 5,133 

 Iroquois in the seven reservations (Onondaga, Tonawanda, Cattar- 

 augas, Allegheny, Oil Springs, Tuscarora and St. Regis) in New 

 York, in 1890. Beside these may be mentioned 1,200 Shawnees 

 living in (?) 1867, and about 2,500 Cherokees in 1890, all living in 

 Indian Territory. 



A few of the more noted Indian villages noted by scouts, mission- 

 aries and settlers in central Pennsylvania include the following: — 



Indian name. Modern name. 



Chinklaca-moose Clearfield, Clearfield Co. 

 Kishaca-quillas Mifflin Co. 



Chillis quaque (Shawnee) Northumberland Co. 



Shamokin Shamokin, Northumberland Co. 

 Conosoragy (Shawnee, 1755) Near Muncy Creek, Lycoming Co. 



Otston-nakin Montoursviile, Lycoming Co. 



Quenis-chas-chackki Linden, Lycoming Co. 



Wyoming Wyoming, Luzerne Co. 



Wyalusing Wyalusing, Bradford Co. 

 Sesquehanock (Carantonans) Spanish Hill, Bradford Co. 



Oscolni On Sugar Creek, Bradford Co. 



Gohontoto On Wyalusing Creek, Bradford Co. 



Chingilo-molonk Lock Haven, Clinton Co. 



In an exploration of the Susquehanna Valley from Pittston to 

 Harrisburg in 1892 Mr. Mercer writes me he "found ample evi- 

 dence of former Indian villages along the main river at the mouths 

 of all important streams, and similar proofs establish villages at the 



