POPULAR MIS CELL A NY 



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for him to act on the defensive, and at the 

 same time successfully till the soil. The 

 Indian was constantly oh the alert to sur- 

 prise him. He must fall back and yield 

 more territory to the exacting intruder. 

 Vanquished and discouraged, he fortified 

 himself in places extremely difficult of ac- 

 cess ; built cliff-houses ; lived in caves, and 

 finally became extinct. The divisions on 

 the south side of the Colorado fared some- 

 what better, for the stupendous chasms of 

 the river form a barrier that can only be 

 crossed with success at several widely- 

 separated points. C-onsequently, when the 

 Indian reached this obstacle, his easy 

 progress southward was interrupted. The 

 crossing-points, too, which of course were 

 well known to the Shinuraos, had been 

 strongly fortified by their soldiery, and 

 thus a double check was presented to the 

 invasion. The people then enjoyed com- 

 parative peace, till, in the course of their 

 nomadic wanderings, the Indians discov- 

 ered that there was an end to the canon 

 barrier, and were once more able to cope 

 with their antagonists under favorable au- 

 spices. The Shinumos were again slowly 

 driven back, and at the dawn of our knowl- 

 edge of the region we find surviving only a 

 mere handful of their kindred, in the Pue- 

 blo tribes, who were still defending their 

 fortress-homes, as they had been for cen- 

 turies." 



Recent Outbreak of a Sandwieli Island 

 Volcano. The volcano of Manna Loa, Ha- 

 waii, was lately active for a few days, com- 

 mencing on the evening of February 14th. 

 A correspondent of the San Francisco 

 Chronicle states that the outbreak was ex- 

 tremely sudden and violent : 



" The point of activity was the old crater on the 

 top of the mountain. When the eruption com- 

 menced, the flames suddenly burst fi-om the moun- 

 tain and formed a magnificent column of fire to the 

 height of 16,000 feet above the summit. From the 

 deck of the steamer Kilauea, lying at anchor at Ka- 

 waihae, five distinct columns of fire could be seen 

 belching forth from the mountain, apparently not 

 from the great summit crater of Mokiiaweoweo, but 

 from a smaller crater situated some miles distant 

 from it, called Pohakuhanalei. A few days after in- 

 telligence reached Honolulu that the fire had disap- 

 peared, to the great disappointment of thousands 

 who were preparing to start for the scene. But 

 soon after news came that the great pyrotechnic ex- 

 hibition of Nature still continued, and that the ani- 



mation of the spectacle was enhanced by frequent 

 earthquake-shocks. It is the general opinion that 

 the stream of lava is flowing rapidly down the 

 mountain-side toward Kahuku, in Kau. When last 

 seen it had progressed a number of miles from the 

 place of its first outbreak. The illumination was so 

 brilliant that all jiarts of the island were lighted up. 

 On the 2-lth the steamer Kilauea arrived with a 

 party of excursionists at Kealakeakua Bay, the place 

 where Captain Cook met his death. There they 

 found that a submarine volcano had broken out 

 near the entrance to the harbor the preceding night. 

 About a mile from shore jets of red, green, and yel- 

 low fire leaped from the waters, interspersed with 

 columns of steam and spray that glowed with innu- 

 merable rainbows, the spectacle being one of the 

 grandest sights conceivable. In this locality the 

 water is boihng and whirling like an immense cal- 

 dron. Thousands of fishes are seen floating on the 

 surface, ready cooked for the repast of swarms of 

 Kanakas engaged in gathering the dainty abundance 

 in their canoes. Large quantities of lava are also 

 thrown up and float for some time on the surface. 

 The matter is either buoyed by the intensely boiling 

 water, or sustained by gases that gradually ooze 

 from its pores. The submarine eruption is appar- 

 ently from a fissure in the bottom of the sea, about 

 a mile in length. It reaches the shore, and is traced 

 inland between two and three miles. The flames 

 on the water were first noticed by the natives at 

 three o'clock on the morning of the 24th, and 

 created much consternation. The depth of the 

 water here was formerly from thirty to sixty fath- 

 oms ; but, if the eruption continues, very likely a 

 reef will be formed, which would render this bay 

 one of the finest harbors on the Pacific. As far as 

 known, no damage has yet attended the eruption." 



Dow Science is advanced in Norway. 



A correspondent of the London Times, 

 apropos of the recently-published "Life of 

 Thomas Edward," records an instance of 

 liberal encouragement extended to a Nor- 

 wedan naturalist. "Some years ago," 

 says this correspondent, "there lived on 

 the wild northwest coast of Norway a cler- 

 gyman, with his wife, a large family, and a 

 small income. He possessed two great ad- 

 vantages over Edward a good education, 

 and larger opportunities for observation. 

 He, too, had the seeing eye, without which 

 all opportunities are useless, and shortly it 

 was known that science was being enriched 

 by the hard-worked parish priest. The ac- 

 tion of the Storthing was prompt. Though 

 the majority of that body are poor peasants, 

 and hold the purse-strings with a firm grip, 

 they have the virtue of being liberal when 

 good cause can be shown for it. They cre- 

 ated a professorship of zoology in the 

 Chiistiania University, endowed it with a 



