LITERARY NOTICES. 



503 



cotton cloth, and represents, by a series of 

 symbols, events in which the Dakotas were 

 concerned, beginning about the year 1800. 

 Each year is represented by a symbol, 

 the meaning of which is explained in the 

 text. The symbol for 1800 is thirty black 

 lines, representing that thirty Dakotas were 

 killed that year. The symbol for 1801 is 

 the head and body of a man covered with 

 red blotches ; that year the small-pox broke 

 out in the nation. In 1869 the sun was 

 eclipsed; the symbol representing it is a 

 black disk. The calendar is of value as 

 " an attempt, before unsuspected among the 

 nomadic ti'ibes of American Indians, to form 

 a system of chronology." 



The Dkvelopment of the Animal Kingdom : 

 A Paper read at the Fourth Meeting of 

 the Association for the Advancement of 

 Woman. By Grace anna Lewis. Pp.21. 



This paper is an attempt to show that 

 there exists an " order of relationship" in 

 the animal world, and that, beginning with 

 the lowest organisms, there has been, up to 

 the highest forms, an " order of develop- 

 ment." The facts Avhich recent paleonto- 

 logical researches have brought to light are 

 used by the author with considerable skill 

 in illustration of her subject. 



Personal Immortality, and Other Papers. 

 By Josie Oppenheim. New York : 

 Charles P. Somerby. Pp. 98. Price, 



This little work is by an avowed free- 

 thinker, who, in a few pages of prefatory 

 remarks, tells us in a very candid way why 

 she thinks such a book is needed, and what 

 she hopes to accomplish by it. Then fol- 

 low discussions of " Personal Immortality," 

 " Materialism," " Prayer," etc. The spirit 

 of the writer is good, and, whether readers 

 a,2;ree with her views or not, they cannot 

 deny her sincerity or fail to be gratified by 

 her tolerance. 



Western Diptera. By C. R. Osten-Sacken. 

 From the Bulletin of the United States 

 Geological and Geographical Survey, 

 Vol. III., No. '2. Pp.' 164. 



Very little was known of the diptera of 

 the Pacific coast until the publication of 

 this report. Collections were made by the 



author in California during the years 1875 

 and 1876, not only along the low plains, 

 but on plateaus of the Sierra Nevada region, 

 at elevations of from 6,000 to 8,000 feet 

 above the level of the sea. The present 

 volume is a survey of the collections made, 

 which the author says are, after all, but a 

 small fragment of the fauna collected dur- 

 ing a limited season. The descriptions of 

 famihes and species are full and clear, and 

 the volume, which comprises 165 pages, 

 will be prized as a valuable contribution to 

 American entomology. 



Report on the Mineral Wealth, Climate, 

 AND Rainfall, and Natural Resources, 

 OF the Black Hills of Dakota. By 

 Walter P. Jenney, E. M., Geologist in 

 charge. Pp. 71. 



This report, published in 1876, comprises 

 Chapters V., VI., and VII. of the forthcom- 

 ing final report of the exploration of the 

 Black Hills, made under direction of the 

 Commissioners of Indian Affliirs, in 1875. 



The area of the Black Hills is stated to 

 be nearly 6,000 square miles, about two- 

 thirds of which area is in Dakota, the re- 

 mainder in Wyoming. They are separated 

 from the main chain of the Rocky Moun- 

 tains, and surrounded by level or rolling 

 plains. The mineral and agricultural re- 

 sources, climate, rainfall, water, forests, 

 etc., of the Black Hills region are presented 

 in considerable detail. A good map accom- 

 panies the report. 



First Annual Report of the Ohio State 

 Fish Commission. Columbus : Nevins 

 & Myers, State Printers. 1877. 



In this report is given a detailed and 

 very interesting account of what has been 

 done by the Ohio State Fish Commission to 

 promote the culture of fish in that State. 

 Hatcheries have been established at Cas- 

 talia Springs, Toledo, Cleveland, and Kel- 

 ley's Island, at all of which places the 

 hatching of fish has been successfully car- 

 ried on. The report is greatly enhanced in 

 value by numerous illustrations, which are 

 accompanied by very full descriptions, 

 copied from the manuscript of Prof. Jor- 

 dan's forthcoming report on the zoology 

 of Ohio. The report includes a catalogue 

 of the fishes of the State. 



