1914.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 305 



oases. A piece of queen-cage candy and a piece of cotton wet with 

 water were also placed into each case. The hornets were not "at 

 home" at all in these cases. They were extremely restless, wandered 

 about inside the case for some time, and with their powerful mandi- 

 bles tore the large piece of candy into many bits, but ate very little 

 of it. All of those that failed to become quiet after such a confine- 

 ment for a few hours were discarded and others were used. When 

 tested with the three essential oils, they responded promptly. Most 

 of the responses were similar to those of normal ants, but one charac- 

 teristic response not observed, when experimenting with ants, was 

 that the hornets seemed to notice the odor; this means that the hornet 

 turned its head toward the floor of the case as if watching from 

 whence the odor was coming, and sometimes it grabbed a wire in 

 the bottom just above the top of the vial. If the hornets saw the 

 vial during these tests they were compelled to see through both the 

 wire-screen bottom and the cheesecloth bottom. It was also neces- 

 sary to place a cheesecloth screen between them and the observer 

 to prevent them from noticing the observer's movements. They 

 were confined singly in these cases until they died. They lived 

 from 16 hours to 17 days and 21 hours, with an average of 9 days 

 and 7 hours. The reaction times are : oil of peppermint, 2-3 seconds, 

 average 2.12 seconds; oil of thyme, 2-4 seconds, average 2.56 seconds; 

 oil of wintergreen, 2-4 seconds, average 2.60 seconds. These give a 

 general average of 2.43 seconds. 



II. Experiments on Ants and Hornets wtth Mutilated 



Antenna. 



Since it is now generally believed that the olfactory organs of 

 insects are located in the antennae, and to determine whether the 

 olfactory organs of ants and hornets are located in these appendages, 

 the antennae were mutilated, the behavior of the mutilated insects 

 was then studied, and later these insects were tested with odors as 

 usual. 



1. Funiculi of ants cut off. 



The funiculi of 12 workers of Formica were cut off with a small 

 pair of sharp scissors and these mutilated ants with 12 unmutilated 

 nor.i.al sisters were placed into a Fielde nest. When a funiculus 

 was cut off, a small drop of yellowish blood exuded from the wound. 

 The mutilated ants when put into the nest cleaned off the exuded 

 blood. They were slightly hostile to each other and to their unmu- 

 tilated sisters. When a bee and a fly were put into the nest, the 



