1914.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 311 



ventral surface of the front wing and No. 3 (text fig. 2) on the dorsal 

 surface of the same wing; No. 4 (text fig. 2) lies on the dorsal sur- 

 face of the hind wing, and No. 5 (text fig. 1) lies on the ventral sur- 

 face of the same wing; Nos. 6 to 8 inclusive, always lie on the 

 trochanter at the distal end, Nos. 6 and 7 (text fig. 1) being on the 

 anterior surface, while No. 8 (text fig. 2) lies on the inner surface. 

 No. 9 (text fig. 2) always lies at the proximal end of the femur on 

 the posterior surface. Groups a and b of the isolated pores lie on 

 the trochanter, while groups c and d lie on the tibia. The groups 

 of isolated pores are not always constant in position, but are 

 usually located as follows: Group a (text fig. 1) lies on the outer 

 surface near the distal end of the trochanter and group h (text fig. 2) 

 is found near the proximal end of the same segment on the inner 

 surface. Groups c and d (text figs. 1 and 2) combined form a 

 horseshoe-shaped row of pores with the toe of the horseshoe lying 

 on the posterior surface at the proximal end of the segment, and the 

 sides of the horseshoe pass around the tibia in opposite directions 

 and end with the two heels lying on the anterior surface. In the 

 female of Formica, as well as in most ants, all the groups are quite 

 constant in number on all the legs and wings and the positions of 

 those on the legs vary only slightly by them rotating around the 

 segments. Those on the wings never vary in position. In fact, the 

 number of groups and their respective positions are almost identical 

 to those of the worker honey bee. 



For all five females of Formica examined, the groups of pores on 

 the wings and third pair of legs vary in regard to the number of pores, 

 as follows: No. 1, 11 to 18, average 13; No. 2, 70 to 86, average 78; 

 No. 3, 60 to 74, average 69; No. 4, 9 to 13, average 12; No. 5, 35 to 

 39, average 37; No. 6, 4 to 8, average 5; No. 7, 17 to 19, average 

 18; No. 8, 6 to 9, average 8; No. 9, 9 to 11, average 9; group a, 

 3 to 6, average 5; group b, 3 to 5, average 4; group c, 1 to 6, average 

 3; group d, 4 to 5, average 5. The numbers of pores in the groups 

 on the first and second pairs of legs vary slightly more than those on 

 the third pair of legs. On the first pair of legs there is a total average 

 number of 112 pores; on the second pair 116 pores; and on the 

 third pair 114 pores, making a total of 342 pores as an average for 

 all six legs of a female of Formica. The front pair of wings has 320 

 pores, while the hind pair has only 98 pores, making 418 pores for 

 all four wings. It is thus evident that an average female of Formica 

 has only 760 pores, while by referring to the table page 333 it is seen 

 that a worker honey bee has 2,204 pores. 



