1914.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 319 



every respect except they responded more slowly to odors than they 

 did before the wings were pulled off. Confined in a Fielde nest 

 with several sister workers, they lived from 3 to 9 days, with an 

 average of 5 days. Their reaction times are: oil of peppermint 2-5 

 seconds, average 3.14 seconds; oil of thj-me 2-5 seconds, average 

 3.00 seconds; oil of wintergreen 2-4 seconds, average 2.86 seconds; 

 honey and comb 3-10 seconds, average 4.86 seconds; leaves and 

 stems of pennyroyal, 2-5 seconds, average 3.71 seconds; formic acid 

 3-5 seconds, average 3.43 seconds. These give a general average 

 of 3.50 seconds, whereas the same average for the same ants before 

 the wings were pulled off is 2.63 seconds. The detached wings of 

 these 7 males and those from other brother ants were examined 

 microscopically. Of the 56 detached wings examined, 87^ per cent, 

 bore pores. Of the front wings 29 bore pores and one had no pores. 

 Of the hind wings 20 bore pores and 6 had no pores. On page 331 

 it is stated that the average number of pores for both front wings of 

 one of these males is 402, and for both hind wings of the same male 

 the average number of pores is 134. From these figures it is plain 

 that 92 per cent, of the pores as an average -were lost when the wings 

 were pulled off. The difference of 0.87 second in reaction time be- 

 tween the reaction time of the same males before the wings were 

 pulled off and the reaction time after the wings were pulled off may 

 possibly be attributed to the loss of the 92 per cent, of the pores on 

 the wdngs. 



4. Bases of wings glued and legs of females of Formica covered with 



vaseline. 



With a small pencil brush the bases of all 4 wings of each of 25 

 winged females of Formica were covered with liquid glue. When 

 the glue was dry another small pencil brush was employed in covering 

 the surface of each leg with a vaseline-beeswax mixture. Since 

 yellow commercial vaseline spreads too much when used alone, a 

 mixture was made by using three parts of vaseline and one part of 

 beeswax. All parts of the leg except the tarsus were covered with 

 this mixture. 



As soon as this double operation was completed, the ant was put 

 into an experimental case. When unpinned from the board the ant 

 was as active as usual and when placed inside the experimental case 

 it was slightly more restless than ordinarily. Confined singly they 

 cannot remove the glue from the wings, but' they begin at once to 

 clean off the vaseline-beeswax mixture. The}' pulled the front legs 



