1914.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 337 



assert that these appendages do not carry the olfactory organs. 

 Most of the observers have failed to state whether or not the insects 

 used were normal. The inactivity of most of their insects indicates 

 abnormality. With Miss Fielde's ants, only 40 per cent, recovered 

 from the effect of the shock, and in all probability all of these were 

 more or less abnormal. The writer has found that when the antennae 

 of ants, wasps, and bees are mutilated in the slightest degree the 

 insects are always more or less abnormal in behavior. 



Hicks (1857, 1859, 1860) first discovered the organs called the 

 olfactory pores in this paper on the halteres and on the bases of the 

 wings of all Diptera examined; on the bases of all four wings of the 

 four-winged tribes; on the trochanter and femur of all insects, and 

 occasionally on the tibia. He examined many species representing 

 various insect orders and found these pores even on the lower insects, 

 such as the earwig. In such wingless insects as the worker and 

 soldier ants, he infers that these pores are much more abundant on 

 the legs than they are on these appendages in the winged insects. 

 Hicks suggested an olfactory function for all of these pores, whether 

 on the legs or wings, but he performed no experiments of any kind. 

 His drawings represent only the superficial appearance of the pores. 



Janet (1904, 1907) found porelike sense organs in large numbers 

 in all the ants that he examined. They occur on the mouth parts, 

 legs, and he saw a few on the thorax at the base of the wing of a queen 

 ant. His drawings of the superficial aspects of all these pores are 

 very similar to those seen by the writer, but he has failed to under- 

 stand the internal anatomy. He calls the chitinous cone an umbel, 

 which is always separated from the surrounding chitin by a chamber. 

 The chamber communicates with the exterior by means of a pore. 

 The sense fiber, or his manubrium, runs into the umbel, and he 

 thinks that it spreads out over the inner surface of the umbel and 

 does not open into the chamber. Thus the umbel forms a thin 

 layer of chitin which separates the end of the sense fiber from the 

 external air. 



In conclusion, it seems that the organs called the olfactory pores 

 in this paper are the true olfactory apparatus in Hymenoptera and 

 that the antennae play no part in receiving odor stimuli. 



