1914.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 203 



The chin is roiiiulcHl, l)ut not receding; it falls hito a vertical line 

 with the lower forehead. No incisions are visible, only a deep 

 furrow from the neck to behind the position of the maxilla on the 

 left side. In this, as in other details, the Castner tsantsa shows the 

 work of a more skilful preparator than was the Jibaro from whose 

 hand the Academy's specimen came. 



The ears are considerably distorted so that an accurate measure- 

 ment is not possible. Both have been pierced through the lobule, 

 though the right one alone bears an ornament — a section of bird (?) 

 bone, hung by a doubled cord of twisted fibre drawn through it, 

 the knotted loop end being pulled back within the hollow bone. 



The head has been severed by a diagonal cut, which passed close 

 to the head on the right, but left a portion of the neck on the left 

 side. The flesh at the section varies from 4 to 2 mm. in thickness. 



The hair is of a beautiful ebony -black, fine and wavy, and reaches 

 a length of 56 cm. The seaming of the scalp extends from the neck 

 in the posterior median line almost to the vertex, where the single 

 perforation occurs through which the suspension cord is passed. 

 This latter has a length of only 50 cm. from the point of issuance 

 from the perforation to its re-entry therein. The width of the cord 

 is 3 mm., and the technique is evidently the same five-loop plaiting 

 noted in the suspension cord of the Academy's tsantsa. 



Comparison with the table of measurements of the eleven mum- 

 mied heads studied by Dr. Rivet,^ shows that in both the tsantsas 

 here described the horizontal circumference, the transverse supra- 

 auricular curve, and the maximum antero-posterior diameter rise 

 above the average, though not reaching the maximum measurements. 

 In maximum transverse diameter, the Academy's piece falls within 

 3 mm. of the minimum, while the Castner head is above the average; 

 in total height of face, the Academy's approaches the maximum, 

 with a bi-zygomatic diameter below the minimum, while the height 

 of the Castner specimen is below the minimum and its width at the 

 zygoma somewhat below the mean. 



Reference should be made to the preparation of these trophy 

 heads, because of its relation to the structure and condition of the 

 finished product. Three methods have been described by reliable 

 travellers, and it is probable that all are, in the main, correct, the 

 differences being due to local variation of practice among the Jibaro 

 tribes. 



^ Dr. Rivet, Journ. citu, t. XIX, j). 76. 



