452 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [June, 



sulphurea, Hippiscus tuberculatus, Hippiscus rugosus, Melanoplus 

 atlanis, Melanoplus minor and Xiphidium strictum. All of these 

 may, as I have noticed, occur in reduced numbers in mesophilous 

 habitats, so that they are only predominantly xerophilous, not 

 absolutely so. 



Where woodlands prevail, in which numerous small clearings occur, 

 a somewhat different phase of the xerophilous faunule obtains. 

 This, following Morse, we may call the sylvan phase in contradis- 

 tinction from the open country or campestral phase. The tree growth 

 in these relatively xerophytic habitats consists predominantly of 

 oaks {Q. alba, Q. rubra, Q. velutina, Q. prinus), hickory, chestnut and 

 dogwood, with occasional groves of scrub pine (P. virginiana) and 

 red cedar (Juniperus virginiana). In the cleared portions of the 

 woods, where alone grasshoppers usually occur, a mixed growth of 

 grasses, vines and low shrubbery takes place. In such spots we 

 usually meet with the following Orthoptera: 



Orphulella speciosa Melanoplus minor 



Arphia sulphurea Scudderia curvicauda 

 Chortophaga viridifasciata " furcata 



Hippiscus tuberculatus Amblycorypha oblongifolia 

 Dissosteira Carolina " rotundifolia 



Melanoplus scudderi Microcentrum sp. 



" femnr-rubrum Atlanticus dorsalis 



In addition to these, we occasionally find associated with them, 

 sometimes in considerable numbers, the following species: 



Eritettix carinatus Melanoplus luridus 



Spharagemon bolli 



Rarely one meets with the following: 



Pseudopomala brachyptera Melanoplus tribulus 



Orphulella pelidna 



This woodland or sylvan faunule is not always clearly distin- 

 guishable from the adjoining campestral faunule. There are all 

 transitions from the one type of habitat to the other. The clearing 

 away of the forests has extended the habitat of the campestral types. 

 As the trees are thinned out the latter occupy the habitats originally 

 occupied by the sylvan forms, the latter either becoming extinct or 

 persisting locally where conditions are favorable. The more exclu- 

 sively woodland species in this region are Spharagemon bolli and Mel- 

 anoplus luridus, and both of these forms are, at present at least, 

 extremely local in their distribution in the Piedmont Region, though 



