454 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [June, 



ciated with the grasses is a large variety of other plants, among 

 which we may mention buttercups {Ranunculus bulbosus), quaker- 

 ladies (Houstonia ccerulea), spring-beauty {Claytonia virginica), 

 golden ragwort {Senicio aureus), cynthia {Adopogon virginicum), 

 elder (Sambucus canadensis), iron-weed (Vernonia noveboracensis)) 

 blue vervain {Verbena hastata), joe-pye weed {Eupatoriun purpureum, 

 and boneset {Eupatorinm perfoliatum) . 



The Orthoptera inhabiting these meadowlands and pastures include 

 regularly the following species: 



Dichromorpha viridis Scudderia furcata 



Chortophaga viridijasciata Conocephalus triops 



Melanoplus femur-rubrum Orchelimum vulgar e 



" jemoratiis Xiphidiuni fasciatum 

 Scudderia curvicauda " brevipenne 



Scudderia texensis is an occasional member of this faunule. 



This faunule includes no peculiar types, but is chiefly distinguished 

 from the mcsophilous by the absence of the more geophilous forms) 

 and by the proportionately much greater numbers of the hygrophilous 

 species, such as D. viridis, C. triops, 0. vulgare and X. fasciatum. 



A slightly different phase of the humicolous hygrophilous society 

 is found in open woodland occupying damp or slightly moist depres- 

 sions marking usually the head-waters of some rivulet. The Orthop- 

 tera occurring in such places consist of the following species: 



Chloealtis conspersa (local) Scudderia furcata 



Melanoplus femur-rubrum Orchelimum vulgare 



" femoratus Xiphidium brevipenne 



Scudderia curvicauda 



Paludicolous Orthoptera arc the swamp dwellers. In the Pied- 

 mont swamps are of relatively small extent and are most commonly 

 represented by local depressions in the meadowlands where the 

 water-table is normally so close to the surface that the latter is kept 

 permanently moist or even covered with water. In these swamps the 

 vegetation consists of a mixture of succulent grasses — e.g., Homalo- 

 cenchrus orijzoides — and sedges among which species of Carex are 

 prominent, especially the tussock sedge (C stricta). Such locations 

 constitute the favorite hal:)itat of such Orthoptera as Stenobothrus 

 curtipennis and Orchelimum spinulosum, which appear to be the only 

 paludicolous forms represented in the Piedmont. Owing to the 

 small size of the swamps, ()rthopt(n-a from the adjoining drier lands 

 frequently invade them, making it difficult to clearly discriminate 

 this faunule from the meadow faunule. 



