1914.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 457 



The Appalachian faunule is represented by a few types that recur 

 locally or in diminished numbers in the Coastal Plain, such as Scud- 

 deria pistillata, S. septentrionalis, Conocephalus ensiger and Xiphidium 

 saltans. 



The Piedmont faunule include species whose local centre of dis- 

 tribution is in the Piedmont, but which occur in smaller numbers or 

 locally in the Coastal Plain. To this group I would refer the following 

 species : 



Dichromorpha viridis Encoptolophus sordidus 



Orphulella speciosa Melanoplus minor 



Stenohothrus curtipennis 



This faunule is best represented in the Middle District, to which, 

 indeed, two of the species, D. viridis and E. sordidus, appear to be 

 entirely confined, or at most barely enter the other districts. The 

 other three species have been taken throughout, but only in widely 

 separated localities and usually in very small numbers. 



IV (a) . The Coastal Subdivision or District. 



The Coastal faunule is typical of the marshes and low forelands 

 bordering the ocean, the lower portions of the Delaware River and 

 all tidal estuaries. Of this faunule we can distinguish several minor 

 components of an ecological nature, each of which is characteristic 

 of some well-defined physiographic feature of the region. 



As is well known, the coast of New Jersey is formed by a succession 

 of long, narrow sand-spits heaped up by wind and wave. These 

 are the coast-islands or barrier-beaches, all of which in New Jersey 

 are fast being transformed into summer resorts. Back of the barrier- 

 beaches come the salt marshes, low grassy flats daily inundated by 

 the tide. Beyond these, rising very gradually out of the marshes, 

 comes the mainland. A narrow strip of the mainland immediately 

 bordering the salt marshes has different faunal and floral characteristics 

 from those of the interior — a difference first recognized by Stone, who 

 has called it the Coastal Strip. The Coastal Strip is similar in every 

 essential respect to the low forelands bordering the maritime marshes 

 of the Delaware River and Bay. 



In the Coastal District I recognize the following ecological groups : 

 (1) the Subcoastal; (2) the Littoral or Dune; (3) the Submaritime, 

 and (4) the Maritime, 



The Subcoastal group is characteristic of the Coastal Strip, more 

 especially of its drier portions. It is very rich in species, due doubt- 

 less to the diversity of conditions consequent upon the transition 



