1914.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 453 



where conditions are favorable they are not uncommon. The other 

 woodland types are apparently better able to adapt themselves to 

 certain features of a campestral environment, such as the thicket 

 and scrub formations which tend to overrun waste lands. 



The mesophilous society is the dominant faunal group of the 

 Piedmont Region, especially as represented by its campestral phase. 

 This is the faunule which one everywhere encounters in the rich 

 farming country, such as is typically found throughout the limestone 

 valleys. The prevailing vegetation consists of bright green succulent 

 grasses that form a firm sod. Roads, paths and plowed fields provide, 

 however, abundance of bare ground suitable for geophilous types. 



The campestral mesophile faunule typically yields the following 

 species : 



Dichromorpha viridis Melanoplus femur-ruhrum 

 Chortophaga viridifasciata " femoratus 



Encoptolophus sordidus Conocephalus triops 



Dissosteira Carolina Orchelimum vulcjare 



The sylvan phase of the mesophilous society is not always clearly 

 distinguishable from the campestral for the reason already mentioned. 

 It consists typically of the following : 



Chortophaga viridifasciata Scudderia curvicauda 

 Melanoplus scudderi " furcata 



" fenur-ruhruni Xiphidium hrevipenne 



*' femoratus 



As a sporadic member of this phase we may add Scudderia texensis. 



Hygrophilous Orthoptera inhabit areas of damp, moist or wet 

 soils. Of these we may, like Morse, distinguish two categories, 

 namely, humicolous hydrophiles and paludicolous hydrophiles. The 

 former are frequenters of areas in which the soil, though usually 

 damp, is normally not wet or soggy. The latter inhabit tracts which 

 are actually wet. In the Piedmont there is no hard-and-fast line 

 separating these two groups. As already mentioned, hygrophilous 

 habitats in the Piedmont Region are of extremely restricted extent, 

 owing to the very perfect drainage of the whole region. 



The campestral phase of the humicolous hygrophiles is typically 

 represented by the fauna of the open grassy meadows which in many 

 places border the streams. The soil of these meadows is usually 

 a fine, alluvial clay-loam corresponding approximately to the Lickdale 

 clay-loam of the Bureau of Soils. The vegetation is dominated by 

 succulent grasses, which are extensively utilized for pasture. Asso- 



