1916.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 509 



the Tipulidse. It is much more reasonable to figure out the dis- 

 appearance of one of these branches by fusion to the wing-margin, 

 a condition found in many remote crane-fly tribes (Limnophilini, 

 the Neotropical genus Psaronius Enderlein; Hexatomini, the genus 

 Hexatoma and the reduced form, Cladolipes, Palsearctic, etc.). In 

 the genus Gonomyia we may start with forms possessing a deep cell 

 R 2 and the radial cross-vein present as in the subgenus Gonomyella 

 Alexander (slossona? Alexander) through species with the cell a little 

 less deep [subcinerea group (Nearetic), Plate XXVI, fig. 33; affinis 

 Brunetti (Oriental) et al.]; then to still smaller forked species (novebo- 

 racensis, Plate XXVI, fig. 30; aperta Brunetti) and finally to a group 

 of species that have the cell very tiny (sulphurella group, Plate XXVI, 

 fig. 26; flavonotata Edwards of the Seychelles Islands et al.), a single 

 step further in the fusion of R i+ z resulting in the obliteration of the 

 cell and the attainment of the condition found in Leiponeura (Plate 

 X XVI, figs. 17-22). With this fusing of the branches of #2+3 there 

 occurs a simultaneous tendency for R i+5 to bend caudad toward the 

 wing-apex so that in the species of Leiponeura these two branches of 

 the radial sector are very widely separated at the wing-margin. 

 It is a very easy matter to pick out the species of this group merely 

 by this one tendency alone, a correlated character, however, being 

 the extremely narrowed, often almost pointed, inner end of cell 

 1st M 2 due to the extreme shortening of the basal deflection of ilfi +2 . 



Dr. Bergroth has expressed his belief that although Gonomyia 

 manca Osten Sacken is a true, though aberrant, member of the genus, 

 the other species that have been described in various Antochine 

 genera, such as Atarba, Elliptera, Leiponeura, etc., are quite distinct 

 from manca and really belong to the tribe Antochini. The series 

 of Leiponeura, as they occur in the United States alone and without 

 taking into consideration the rest of the world, show a curious and 

 almost complete transition into the sulphurella group of Gonomyia 

 s.s. I would point out the exceedingly long verticils of the flagellar 

 segments of the male antennse that are found not only in the species 

 of Leiponeura {manca, pleuralis et al.), but also in Gonomyia sul- 

 phurella, another proof of the close relationship existing, since this 

 condition of the antennse elsewhere in the family is rare or lacking. 



Occasionally a crane-fly society is found in which the dominant 

 element consists of species of this genus. Such a society was found 

 in the Shaul woods on the east bank of Nowadaga Creek (Castle 

 Creek) south of the village of Indian Castle, Herkimer County, New 

 York, June 13, 1915, and may be described as a CronowM/ia-association. 



