510 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Oct., 



The woods are quite open, in places with outcroppings of a transi- 

 tional character, of Trenton limestones and Utica shales and with a 

 western exposure. The forest cover consists of the dominant 

 arbor-vitse, Thuja occidentalis, with an admixture of Juglans cinerea, 

 Betula lutea, Ulmus americana, U. fulva, Tilia americana, Fraxinus 

 americana and a few others. The underbrush was of yew, Taxus 

 canadensis, Ribes Cynosbati and Hamamelis virginiana. The under- 

 growth from which the crane-flies were swept consisted of three 

 dominant plants, early meadow-rue, Thalictrum dioicum, mandrake, 

 Podophyllum peltatum, and ground ivy, Nepeta hederacea, with fewer 

 representatives of other species, Ranunculus abortivus, R. acris, 

 Fragaria vesca, and an abundance of bladder-fern, Cystopteris bulb- 

 ifera. In places rank growths of Osmunda cinnamomea, Podophyllum, 

 Solidago, Lysimachia Nummularia, bound into dense tangles by 

 lianas, Menispermum canadense and Psedera quinque-folia. Here 

 occurred Gonomyia mathesoni, Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga) flava and 

 Erioptera venusta. Along the base of the hill is a broad ditch, now 

 quite dry, but supporting such a flora as Cystopteris, Lysimachia 

 Nummularia, Tussilago Farfara, etc. It is very probable that a 

 certain element of the crane-fly fauna emerged from this ditch. The 

 similarity between the crane-fly fauna of this open woods and that 

 of Sport Island in the Sacandaga River, Fulton County, New York, 

 is very close (Gonomyia alexanderi, G. cognatella, G. mathesoni, 

 Rhabdomastix flava, etc.). 

 The crane-fly fauna of this association is as follows: 

 Dicranomyia liberta, sev.; Geranomyia canadensis, rare; Antocha 

 saxicola, few; Erioptera venusta, comm.; E. armata, comm.; Molo- 

 philus pubipennis, comm.; Gonomyia alexanderi, uncoram. ; G. 

 sulphurella, dom.; G. mathesoni, dom.; G. cognatella and G. florens, 

 loc. abund.; G. subcinerea, uncomm.; Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga) 

 flava, uncomm.; Adelphomyia minuta, uncomm.; Limnophila rufibasis, 

 comm.; Tipula caloptera, rare, and T. macrolabis, rare. 



Sport Island in the Sacandaga River, New York (mentioned 

 above), is rather remarkable in its Gonomyia fauna, no less than 

 eight species having been taken here (G. alexanderi, G. sacandaga, 

 G. manca, G. sulphurella, G. cognatella, G. mathesoni, G. noveboracensis 

 and G. subcinerea) , as well as the closely related genus, Rhabdomastix 

 (Sacandaga) flava Alexander. The floral conditions obtaining here 

 have been discussed by the author in an earlier paper. 5 



5 Entomological News, vol. 23, p. 72 (1912). 



