POPULAR MISCELLANY. 



121 



been covered with buildings of every size, 

 the two largest being 300 by 6,000 feet, 

 and about 300 feet apart. They are built 

 of small blocks of sandstone, laid in adobe 

 mud, the outside walls being four feet and 

 the inside walls from a foot and a half to 

 three feet thick. In the lower story are 

 found port-holes a foot square. There are 

 rooms now left, and walls for about four 

 stories high are still standing. About the 

 second story, on the west side, there was 

 once a balcony along the length of the 

 building. No signs of a door are visible in 

 the outer walls, and the ingress must have 

 been from the top, in the inside there being 

 passages from room to room. Most of them 

 are small, from eight by ten to twelve by 

 fourteen feet, the doors being two by four 

 feet. The arches over the doors and port- 

 holes are made of small cedar poles two 

 inches wide, placed across, on which the 

 masonry is placed. The sleepers support- 

 ing the floors are of cedar, about eight 

 inches thick, and from twenty to fifty feet 

 long, and about three feet apart. A layer 

 of small round poles was placed across 

 the sleepers, then a layer of thinly-split 

 cedar sticks, then about three inches of 

 earth, then a layer of cedar-bark, then 

 another layer of dirt, then a carpet of some 

 kind of coarse grass. The rooms that have 

 been protected from exposure are white- 

 washed, and the walls are ornamented with 

 drawings and writings. In one of these 

 rooms the impression of a hand dipped in 

 whitewash, on a joist, is as plain as if it 

 had been done only yesterday. In another 

 room there are drawings of tarantulas, cen- 

 tipedes, horses, and men. 



" In some of the rooms have been found 

 human bones, bones of sheep, corn-cobs, 

 goods, raw-hides, and all colors and varie- 

 ties of pottery - ware. These two large 

 buildings are exactly the same in every re- 

 spect. Portions of the buildings plainly 

 show that they were destroyed by fire, the 

 timbers being burned off and the roofs 

 caved in, leaving the lower rooms entirely 

 protected. The rock that these buildings 

 were built of must have been brought a 

 long way, as nothing to compare with it 

 can be found within a radius of twenty 

 miles. All the timber used is cedar, and 

 has been brought at least twenty-five miles. 

 Old ditches and roads are to be seen in 



every direction. The Navajo Indians say, 

 in regard to these ruins, that their fore- 

 fathers came there five old men's ages ago 

 (500 years), and that these ruin- were here 

 and the same then as now, and there is no 

 record whatever of their origin." 



Political Economy in Law-Schools. M. 



Waddington, the French Minister of Public 

 Instruction, has issued a decree making the 

 study of political economy one of the sub- 

 jects of examination for the degree of licen- 

 tiate in all the schools of law. The innova- 

 tion does not seem to give unmixed satis- 

 faction to the French lawyers, who have at 

 all times treated this science with contempt. 

 The basis of the teaching of law, says their 

 organ, is the text of the law; political 

 economy is no branch of the law it has 

 no texts it is not positive science and is 

 at most a conjectural art, or kind of litera- 

 ture, less amusing than others ; and to re- 

 quire that men desiring to become magis- 

 trates and advocates should pass an exam- 

 ination in the theories of Malthus, Adam 

 Smith, and Say, is absurd. The claims of 

 economic science will, of course, find plenty 

 of defenders ; and indeed it would appear, 

 in view of the complications and contentions 

 which have arisen from the pending nego- 

 tiation of a commercial treaty between 

 France and England, that it might be well 

 to have a knowledge of economic principles 

 made imperative somewhere. 



A New Remedy for Wakefulness. To 



those whose brains will not subside when 

 the time for rest has arrived, Dr. John L. 

 Cook, of Henderson, Kentucky, proposes a 

 very simple method of securing prompt and 

 refreshing sleep without the aid of drugs. 

 When the mind is active, the circulation in 

 the brain is correspondingly active; we 

 breathe more frequently, and the movements 

 of the heart are more rapid and vigorous. 

 On the other hand, when the mind is at rest, 

 as in healthy sleep, the circulation in the 

 brain is notably diminished, the heart-beats 

 are less rapid and forcible, and the breath- 

 ing is perceptibly slower. In the wakeful 

 state the mind, as a rule, is intensely occu- 

 pied, whence we may infer an increased 

 amount of blood in the brain. Dr. Cook's 

 suggestion is to withdraw a portion of this 

 from the head, or lower the brain-circula- 



