THE RACIAL GEOGRAPHY OF EUROPE. 



'53 



are nevertheless agreed that the round-barrow men came from the 

 continent somewhere. Any other derivation would have been an 

 impossibility. We also know that this Alpine immigrant type over- 

 ran all England and part of Scotland. It never reached Ireland 

 because of its remoteness; with the result that greater homogeneity 

 of type prevails therein, while at the same time the island was de- 

 prived of a powerful stimulus to advance in culture. This is the 

 first indication of the geographical handicap under which Erin has 

 always labored. Finally, we have to note that this broad-headed 

 invasion of the round-barrow period is the only case where such an 

 ethnic element ever crossed the English Channel in numbers suffi- 

 cient to affect the physical type of the aborigines. Even here its 

 influence was but transitory; the energy of the invasion speedily 

 dissipated; for at the opening of the historic period, judged by the 

 sepulchral remains, the earlier types had considerably absorbed the 

 newcomers. 



The disappearance of the round-barrow men is the last event of 

 the prehistoric period which we are able to distinguish. Coming, 

 therefore, to the time of recorded history, we find that every influ- 

 ence was directed toward the complete submergence of this extrane- 

 ous broad-headed type; for a great immigration from the northern 

 mainland set in, which, after six hundred years of almost uninter- 

 rupted flow, completely changed the 

 complexion — we speak literally as 

 well as figuratively — of these islands. 

 The Teutonic invasions from Ger- 

 many, Denmark, and Scandinavia 

 are the final episodes in our chronicle. 

 They bring us down to the present 

 time. They offer us a brilliant ex- 

 ample of a great ethnic conquest as 

 well as of a military or political occu- 

 pation. The Romans came in con- 

 siderable numbers; they walled cit- 

 ies and built roads; they introduced 

 new arts and customs; but when 

 they abandoned the islands they left 

 them racially as they were before ; for 

 they appear to have formed a ruling 

 caste, holding itself aloof in the main 

 from intermarriage with the natives. 



Not even a heritage of Latin place names remains to any consider- 

 able degree. Kent and Essex were of all the counties perhaps the 

 most thoroughly Romanized; and yet the names of towns, rivers, 



Anglo-Saxon Blondish Ttpe. 

 Surrey. 



