THE RACIAL GEOGRAPHY OF EUROPE. 57 



not be pushed too far. Thus Ranke of Munich, most eminent au- 

 thority, has striven for years to account for the broad-headedness of 

 the Bavarian population by making it a product of the elevated and 

 often mountainous character of the country. This being proved, 

 it would follow that the Bavarians still were ethnically Teutonic, 

 merely fallen from dolichocephalic grace by reason of change of out- 

 ward circumstances. This theory seems to be completely incapable 

 of proof; for, as Ranke himself has shown,* the effect of the mal- 

 nutrition generally incident to an abode at considerable altitudes 

 is entirely in the opposite direction. Among poorly nourished chil- 

 dren in factory towns, for example, the immediate effect is to cause 

 an arrest of development about the temples, exactly where the broad- 

 headed Alpine race is so well formed. It is strange to us in America 

 to find how important such matters may become by reason of a 

 social differentiation between races. Another potent example is 

 offered in Russia. The late Professor Zograf, of Moscow, than 

 whom none stood higher as an anthropologist in Russia, confronted 

 by the same division of ethnic types as Germany contains, has posi- 

 tively identified the blond long-headed one as the original Slav.f 

 This may or may not be true; it may be gratifying to have it so. 

 To us the evidence apparently points the other way. In Russia, 

 however, no other conclusion than this would be tolerated for an 

 instant. Pan-Slavism prevails even in science. 



After this excursus, let us come back to statistics and examine 

 the evidence from the study of blondes and brunettes among the 

 school children. Our double-page map, as will be observed, includes 

 not only the German Empire but Switzerland, Belgium, and Austria, 

 down to the Adriatic as well — exclusive, however, of Hungary. 

 Virchow's great census in Germany was extended over the other 

 countries in quick succession. % The system employed was identical 

 in all, save in Belgium; and even here the definition of brunettes 

 was the same, although the term blond was made more comprehen- 

 sive. For this reason the results are strictly comparable so far as 

 our map is concerned. A great defect in all such investigations on 

 children, as we have already stated, lies in the tendency to a darken- 

 ing of hair and eyes with growth. This is probably intensified in 

 the more southern countries, so that our shading probably fails to 

 indicate the full extent of the progressive brunetteness in this direc- 

 tion. North of the Alps, however, we may accept its evidence 

 provisionally, at all events. 



* Beitrage zur Anth. der Bayern, i, 187Y, pp. 232 seq., and 285; also ibid., ii, 18*79, pp. 

 75 seq. f Vide our Bibliography of Europe. 



\ For Austria, see Schimmer, 1884 ; for Switzerland, Kollmann, 1883 ; and for Belgium, 

 Vanderkindere, 1879, in our Bibliography. Full titles are there given. 



