i 5 8 



POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



CEPHALIC INDEX 



TMORWAY, 



AFTER ARBO 87 



ABOUT 6000 OBSERVATIONS. 



they were really wintering stations and bases of supplies for the 

 expeditions along the coasts of Scotland, Ireland, and Wales during 

 the summer season. The only other district where ISForse settle- 

 ments occur in fre- 

 quency is, as our map 

 shows, in Lancashire 

 and the lake district. 

 This may also have 

 been a center whence 

 expeditions all about 

 the western coasts took 

 place, planting little 

 stations where oppor- 

 tunity offered. 



The Normans, last 

 of the Germanic series, 

 1 came to the islands 

 after they had become 

 so infiltrated with Teu- 

 tonic settlements that 

 but few traces of them 

 separately can be de- 

 tected. They did not 

 come as they entered 

 Normandy, as coloniz- 

 ers ; but as political 

 conquerors, a few thou- 

 sand perhaps, forming 

 a ruling class, just as 

 the Franks invaded 

 south Germany or Bur- 

 gundy. Their influ- 

 fluence is most strongly shown in York and parts of Lancashire and 

 Durham. Much of the land here they laid entirely waste; what 

 they did with the native owners we can only surmise. At a later 

 time a gradual influx of Norman blood made itself felt in the south 

 and east of England, so that Dr. Beddoe concludes that by the time 

 of Edward I perhaps a fifth of the population was of Norman descent 

 more or less indirectly. 



The Teutonic immigration had now run its course. The islands 

 were saturated. Let us see what the anthropological effect has been 

 by returning once more to the consideration of physical character- 

 istics alone. 



We are now prepared to show why it is that in head form the 



