THE RACIAL GEOGRAPHY OF EUROPE. 



161 



to southwest, measured by the prevailing color of the hair.* The 

 map is almost the exact counterpart of our preceding one of place 

 names. From our previous articles we might have been led to expect 

 such an increase from north to south; for that is the rule in every 

 continental country we have studied. The phenomenon we found to 

 be largely a matter of race; but that physical environment, notably 

 climate, played an important part. Moreover, we proved that in 

 elevated districts some factor conduced to increase the blondness, 

 so that mountains more often contained a fairer population than the 

 plains roundabout. Here is a surprising contradiction of that law, 

 if law it be; for the Grampian Hills in Scotland, wild and moun- 

 tainous Wales, and the hills of Connemara and Kerry in western Ire- 

 land, contain the heaviest contingent of brunette traits in the islands. 

 The gradation from east to west is in itself a flat denial of any cli- 



Brunette Type. Welshman. Montgomeryshire. 



matic influence, for the only change in that direction is in the 

 relative humidity induced by the Gulf Stream. 



The darkest part of the populations of these islands constitutes 

 the northern outpost of that degree of pigmentation in Europe. 

 Western Ireland, Cornwall, and Argyleshire in Scotland are about 

 as dark, roughly speaking, as a strip across Europe a little farther 



* This map is constructed upon a system adopted by Dr. Beddoe as an index of pig- 

 mentation. It differs from others mainly in assigning especial importance to black hair as 

 a measure of brunetteness, on the assumption that a head of black hair betrays twice the 

 tendency to melanosity of a dark brown one. Without accepting this argument as valid, the 

 map in question seems to accord best with others constructed- by the measurement of pure 

 light and dark types on the German system. Dr. Beddoe regards this one as best illustrating 

 the facts in the case. 



vol. in. — 13 



