THE RACIAL GEOGRAPHY OF EUROPE. 317 



similar to those which have settled all along the litus Saxonicum in 

 France. But on the inner islands, especially in Nord and Zuid 

 Beveland, there is every indication of a broad-headed Alpine colony 

 of considerable size. This is shown by the dark tints upon our map. 

 An extreme brachycephaly has been proved here by Dr. De Man, 

 who has most courteously sent me photographs of crania reproduced 

 herewith. The long-headed one is from the seacoast, where Teutonic 



■ ■ 



Brachtcephalic Type. Zuid Beveland. Dolichocephalic Type. Coast of Zee- 



Cephalic Index, 87. land. Cephalic Index, 73. 



characteristics prevail; the other globular one is from a village in 

 the middle of the brachycephalic area, submerged in the sixteenth 

 century. These are each typical; the contrast is too marked to 

 need further comment. There can be no longer any doubt that 

 in these islands a settlement of the Alpine invaders took place at 

 an early time. Lubach nearly forty years ago, long before any pre- 

 cise measurements were taken, commented upon the brunetteness, 

 the stocky build, and the round visage of the peasants of this district. 

 In each of these respects they differed from the Frieslanders further 

 north; who, as we have said, are Teutonic by descent. The near- 

 est blood relatives of these south Hollanders are the Walloons in 

 Belgium and the original broad-headed element in the Danish popu- 

 lation. From which of these colonies the round-barrow type invading 

 the British Isles came we may never determine; we only know that 

 the Alpine race touched the western ocean at this spot, and has here 

 persisted in remarkable purity to this day. It seems as if a race had 

 here found refuge in this secluded spot against the aggression of the 

 Teutonic type, just as the Walloons are sheltered in the wooded up- 

 lands of the Ardennes plateau in Belgium a little farther south. 



To resume once more the thread of our argument after this 

 digression, we may continue to trace the uttermost limits of this 

 broad-headed infiltration into Europe. The whole basin of northern 

 France was overflowed, and the incoming human tide from the east 



