742 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



and concerns engaged in work of that class will in many instances 

 find it to their interest to locate where the energy of waterfalls may 

 be available at low rates. The successful operation of the Niagara 

 plant has had the effect of attracting to that section of the State 

 several enterprises that require power in large quantities, and it is 

 more than probable that, before many years pass by, Buffalo and the 

 surrounding country will become an important manufacturing cen- 

 ter. What is true of this case will be equally true of many others, 

 and, while established enterprises may not remove from their pres- 

 ent location, those started hereafter will undoubtedly be guided by 

 the relative cost of power at different points, in connection with the 

 advantages and disadvantages arising from the location of the power 

 center. Thus, as the South is the source whence all the cotton 

 comes, it would be natural to assume that manufactories in this line 

 would locate in that section at points where water power can be 

 obtained convenient to the cotton fields. That such localities can be 

 found is quite evident, since, according to the census of 1880, the 

 power available along the Chattanooga River is not far from one 

 hundred thousand horse power, and along the various rivers of North 

 and South Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama three or four times this 

 amount can be obtained. All over the West and Northwest exten- 

 sive power sites are to be found, and in time many of them will be 

 rendered useful, and will form the centers of manufacturing districts, 

 thus gradually augmenting this line of industry in sections of the 

 country that at present are principally agricultural. 



For several years to come it is very probable that efforts will be 

 confined to the utilization of large units, but gradually the cost of 

 installation and of operation will be reduced, and then smaller 

 powers will be considered profitable. Following along this course of 

 reasoning we may naturally conclude that, eventually, even farmers 

 may be able to render available the energy of small streams passing 

 through their possessions, and the future rural generations may use 

 the electric motor to do the work around the farm that at the present 

 time is performed by animal power. 



The name America for the western continent is said to have been pro- 

 posed by Martin Waldseemiiller. in his Introduction to Cosmography, pub- 

 lished in 1507 ; but the exact time when it first appeared in a map is not 

 precisely known. Tbe earliest instance so far has been discovered by Pro- 

 fessor Elter, of Bonn, in a manuscript map by Henricus Grlareanus, dated 

 1510, in which the legend " Terra America " is attached to South America. 

 Glareanus, bom in 1488, became German poet laureate in 1512, and a pro- 

 fessor at Freiburg in 1529. He has left what is probably the earliest cir- 

 cumpolar map in existence. In his map of America, North America is 

 separated from South by a strait, and is represented as forming part of Asia. 



