CRIMINAL ANTHROPOLOGY IN ITALY. 751 



lightning rapidity and intuition. Thus the base of the new edifice 

 was laid, and the rest of the new monument rose up rapidly around 

 it, notwithstanding its occasional faultiness, pointed out eagerly by 

 adverse scientists, criticisms that could not shake down the edifice, 

 for its base was too solid and strong. Gradually a few apostles of the 

 new science gathered around Lombroso, and although Morselli, one 

 of the most acute and cultured observers, after a time severed him- 

 self from the group and joined the French schismatics, nevertheless 

 the little compact mass moved from success to success, from triumph 

 to triumph, up to the late ultimate triumph at Geneva. 



Another of Lombroso's books which aroused much discussion 

 and which may almost be said to have founded yet another school, 

 if we may so designate the group devoted to the study of another 

 branch of anthropology, was Genio o Follia, which largely helped 

 to make its author's name known even outside of srictly scientific 

 circles. This work enchanted all thinkers, psychiatrists, doctors, 

 indeed, all men who dedicate themselves to the search for signs of 

 madness in the lives and works of eminent authors and artists. For 

 Lombroso had striven in this book to prove scientifically how closely 

 genius and madness are allied. As was the case with Criminal Man, 

 so here too the master's disciples strayed from the paths laid down by 

 the pioneer, exaggerated his conclusions and carried them to absurd 

 excesses. Lombroso had at last to raise his voice against the ex- 

 travagances into which he was dragged. Besides various absurdities, 

 there were published some careful serious studies having for their 

 themes the lives of Napoleon I, Leopardi, Ugo Foscolo, and Byron, 

 in which it was made to appear that these men were all victims of 

 heredity, and neither their virtues nor their vices were their own — 

 studies of interest, academically considered, but of no tangible util- 

 ity, and which did not add or detract one iota from the merits or 

 demerits of their subjects. Against this method of dealing with men 

 of genius as pathological subjects Mantegazza recently very rightly 

 upraised his voice in the name of art, tradition, and history. 



Space does not permit of our naming Lombroso's varied and 

 voluminous writings, whose enumeration any biographical dictionary 

 can supply. La Donna Delinquente (The Criminal Woman), written 

 in collaboration with G. Ferrero, one of the most promising of the 

 younger criminal anthropologists, of which an incomplete and in- 

 adequate translation appeared in England, aroused a storm of dis- 

 cussion on its publication four years ago, and was especially 

 attacked by the adherents of the old methods. He has since pub- 

 lished The Anarchists, in which he also takes unusual views with 

 regard to these latter-day society pests — pests for whom society itself, 

 as nowadays conditioned, he holds as alone responsible — and Crime 



