SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE. 



421 



they were opposed ; the " rustler " and " the 

 wars of the range " ; and finally the growth 

 of settlements and the changing aspects of 

 the country. The ten full page illustrations 

 are based upon actual knowledge. 



Prof. L. H. Bailey's Principles of Fruit 

 Growing * is a comprehensive and thorough- 

 going work, and appears to cover all the as- 

 pects of the subject. It does justice to the 

 theoretical and scientific side, and is at the 

 same time in the descriptions of the pro- 

 cesses and appliances of fruit culture pre- 

 dominantly practical. The author begins 

 with an Introductory Discussion, seeking a 

 definition of a fruit, and finds it by enumer- 

 ating the different kinds. They divide them- 

 selves into four classes, of tree fruits, vine, 

 small, and herblike fruits, and twenty sub- 

 classes. Then he considers the geographical 

 elements— temperature, moisture, soil, and 

 parasite determinants — of fruit growing, the 

 evolution of a fruit region, some economical 

 aspects of the subject ; The Location and its 

 Climate, including site, windbreaks, and arti- 

 ficial protection from frost ; The Tillage of 

 Fruit Lands, their fertilization, the planting 

 of fruit grounds, the secondary and inci- 

 dental care of the plantation, diseases, in- 

 sects, and spraying; and harvesting and 

 marketing fruit. The origin of new varie- 

 ties is briefly considered in the appendix, 

 and a Bibliography of American Books on 

 Fruit Growing is added. The author's style 

 is direct and terse, and many of his para- 

 graphs are very suggestive. 



The great difficulty of dealing with chil- 

 dren in disease has made this department 

 of medicine a fertile field for the specialist. 

 The popular notion that "almost any doc- 

 tor will do for baby " is not borne out by 

 experience. Instead of its being easier to 

 treat a child than an adult, it is, as a matter 

 of fact, quite the reverse, and great skill 

 and preparation, one might almost say gen- 

 ius, are required for the making of a special- 

 ist in paediatrics. Dr. Holt has given us a 

 new work on this important subject.f He 



has aimed, by omitting much material which 

 does not strictly pertain to children and 

 which is fully treated in general medical 

 works, to give a fuller account of the strictly 

 infantile diseases. Another omission, which, 

 however, seems of less doubtful propriety, 

 is that of questions relating to operative 

 surgery. Rather more space than is usual 

 in a clinical work has been given to pathol- 

 ogy. The illustrations are fairly numerous, 

 and are for the most part original. The 

 material, which " is largely a record of per- 

 sonal experience," was gathered from eleven 

 years, continuous hospital service among 

 young children. The work is divided into 

 two parts. The first of these treats of the 

 hygiene and general care of infants, and 

 gives some rules regarding the growth and 

 development of the body and the peculiari- 

 ties of disease in children. The second part 

 is divided into ten sections, Diseases of the 

 Newly Born, and Nutrition being the first 

 two section titles. The remaining sections 

 take up in succession the diseases of the 

 digestive, the respiratory, the circulatory, 

 the uro-genital, and the nervous systems. 

 Section eight deals with the diseases of the 

 blood, lymph nodes, and bones, and section 

 nine the specific infectious diseases. The 

 last section is entitled Other General Dis- 

 eases. 



* The Principles of Fruit Growing. By L. U. 

 Bailey. New York : The Macmillan Company. 

 Pp. 507. Price, $1.25. 



tThe Diseases of Infancy and Childhood. 

 By L. Emmett Holt, M. D. New York : D. Ap- 

 pleton and Company. Pp. 1117. p r i ce , $6.00. 



The last volume in The Contemporary 

 Science Series to reach us is a treatise on 

 The New Psychology,* by Professor Scrip- 

 ture, of Yale University. The rapid growth 

 of popular interest in psychology and allied 

 branches of study has produced a large re- 

 cent increase in its literature, a great share 

 of which, however, is rather doubtful sci- 

 ence ; the subject being one difficult of ex- 

 perimental investigation, and of so essen- 

 tially personal a nature that a student only 

 rarely succeeds in keeping his researches 

 purely objective. Dr. Scripture takes up the 

 study in a methodical way, using instru- 

 ments and meters wherever possible, and 

 succeeds in bringing a sort of order out of 

 the chaos. He has aimed to show just what 

 the new psychology is, and to make clear the 

 fundamental ideas of the science. The first 



* The New Psychology. By E. W. Scripture. 

 Illustrated. Charles Ecribner's Sons. Pp. 500. 

 Price, $1.25. 



