82 THE SCOTTISH NATURALIST 



siphum rosce on rose at Balconie, but by this time they had 

 disappeared from our higher garden. 



Macrosiphum jacecz, Linn. I collected alate viviparous females 

 of this species with the young which they had produced on thistle 

 (Carduus sp.), at Swordale, on 7th August. 



Macrosiphum scabiosa, Schrank. I found this species, only 

 apterous females and larvae, clustering on the flower-stalks of 

 scabious (Scabiosa succisa) by the Alness River on 31st August. 



Macrosiphum hieracii, Kalt. I took apterous viviparous females 

 and larvae of this species on the flower-stems of hawkweed 

 {Hieracium sp.), near Swordale, on 15th August. The larvae mostly 

 changed into nymphae, from one of which an alate viviparous female 

 emerged on 23rd August. 



Macrosiphum sonchi, Linn. Apterous viviparous females and 

 larvae occurred on sowthistle (So/ichus), near Fearn, on 9th 

 August. 



Macrosiphum kalte/ibachii. Schouteden. Apterous females of 

 this species were taken on endive, Balconie, on 3rd August. It 

 occurred together with the following species. 



Macrosiphum lactucce, Schrank. On endive, Balconie, on 

 3rd August. On 4th September this species was abundant on the 

 under-surface of gooseberry leaves at Balconie, and from the 15th 

 to the 19th September they were very common on gooseberry at 

 Swordale where I took a winged male on the 18th September. 



The young produced by the alate females were much attacked 

 by Cecidomyid larvae which I kept alive, and on 3rd October 

 I found they had ensconced themselves on the under-surface of the 

 gooseberry leaf, close to the petiole in narrow spaces between 

 the converging veins. In addition to the Cecidomyid larvae these 

 aphides had another enemy in the form of a fungus, Enteromophthora 

 (Empusa) aphiJis, Hoffm., which Mr A. D. Cotton has kindly 

 identified for me. This fungus was very common, many aphides 

 having been killed by it. The aphides in which the fungus 

 was present could easily be distinguished by their dull ochreous 

 colour and opaque appearance, quite different from the shiny look 

 of the healthy aphides. The rough appearance was due to their 

 skin being distended all over into numbers of small elevations, 

 each elevation being caused by a spherical spore (of which the 

 body was entirely made up) pushing the skin outwards. The 

 aphides that were killed by this fungus remained adhering to 

 the under-surface of the gooseberry leaf. 



