352 NATURAL SCIENCE [November 



gested that (1) Le Moustier cave is characteristic of the oldest stage 

 of the prehistoric occupancy in this region ; then (2) the deposits of 

 Solutre* ; (3) the Aurignac cave ; and (4) that of La Madelaine. 



Modifications of this chronological classification have been sug- 

 gested ; but, as planned by Mr G. de Mortillet, it has been useful to 

 the Archaeologists of Western Europe in describing their work and 

 grouping their materials. He followed this system in his steady 

 endeavour to advance the progress of his favourite science by organis- 

 ing Congresses of Prehistoric Anthropology and Archaeology, arrang- 

 ing and superintending the Museum of Antiquities at St Germain 

 (1868), and helping to found the Anthropological School at Paris 

 (1875), of which he became professor. 



Among his many writings in the " Materiaux pour l'Histoire," &c, 

 and elsewhere, whether explicit or suggestive, we may refer to his 

 " La signe de la Croix avant le Christianisme " (1866) and " Origine 

 de la Navigation et de la Peche " (1867); both full of useful informa- 

 tion in a clear and carefully ordinate form. His studies of mollusca, 

 the geology of Savoy, the pottery of Allobroges, as well as many con- 

 tributions on prehistoric peoples and conditions in the periodicals of 

 the day bear witness to his earnest work in his patriotic exposition of 

 the history of those who were the early inhabitants of his beloved 

 France. 



He was born in 1821 at Meylan, and educated at Chambery and 

 Paris. He left France in 1849 to escape imprisonment for a socialistic 

 publication, retiring to Savoy and Switzerland, where he arranged the 

 museums of Annecy and Geneva. In 1856 he took scientific work in 

 Italy ; in 1864 he returned to Paris, and took up anthropological 

 studies as detailed above. 



James Hardy, of Cockburnspath, died in October, aged eighty-four. 

 Dr Hardy was a student of Edinburgh University, and became con- 

 nected with the Berwickshire Naturalists' Field Club in 1839, in 

 which year he first contributed to the Proceedings. He had been 

 secretary for many years to the Club, and as his knowledge was 

 encyclopaedic, north-country zoology and folk-lore have sustained a 

 great loss. 



Among others whose deaths have been recently announced are :— Prof. Rudolph 

 Adamy, director of the ethnographical collection at the Hesse State Museum, Darm- 

 stadt, on January 14, aged 48 ; Prof. Axdeeas Arzruni, the well-known mineralo- 

 gist and chemist, in October ; James Behrens, the lepidopterologist, at San Jose, Cal., 

 on March 6, aged 74 ; Eugenio Bettoni, director of the Brescia Fisheries Station, on 

 August 5, aged 53 ; Dr Arnold Graf, the morphologist, at Boston, on September 3, 

 aged 30 ; C. J. H. Gravenhorst, editor of the Deutschen Illustrirtcn Bienenzeitung , 

 at Wilsnack, on August 24, aged 75 ; Herbert Lyon Jones, professor of hiology at 

 Oberlin College, at Granville, Ohio, August 27, aged 32 ; Prof. Bronislaus Kotula, 

 the plant-geographer, by an avalanche near Frafoi, on August 19 ; Dr Joseph A. Lint- 

 ner, the State entomologist of New York, at Albany, on May 5 ; Dietrich Nasse, 

 professor of surgery at Berlin University, at Pontresina, on September 1, aged 38; 

 Roman Oriol, professor of mining at the Academy of Mines, Madrid, and editor of the 

 Jlevista Miniera ; Johnson Pettit, the entomologist, at Grimsby, Canada, on Feb- 

 ruary 18 ; Dr H. Proscholdt, the geologist and palaeontologist, formerly of the Real- 

 gymnasium of Meiningen, recently, by suicide ; Dr Giambattista Yalenza, the 

 zoologist, at Pantelleria, on June 15 ; Jose Villalonga, the ironmaster, at Bilbao ; Dr 

 Jan de Wixdt, the geologist, drowned in Lake Tanganyika, on August 9, aged 22. 



