FOLSOMJ 



ENTOMOLOGY FOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS 



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on old scars on the limbs or on the "water-shoots", or "suckers". 

 The same species frequents also the crown of the tree, just below 

 the surface of the soil. 



Pear slug, Eriocampoides limacina. (Fig. 14.) A slimy slug- 

 like larva that skeletonizes the leaves of pear, cherry, and plum. 

 Scale insects, Coecidae. Of the many species 

 of scale insects, the most injurious kinds should 

 be selected, for example. San Jose scale, scurfy 

 scale, and oyster-shell scale. Along with the 

 scale insects their predaceous or parasitic ene- 

 mies should be studied. 



Fig. 14. 



pear slug 



Plant lice, Aphididae. These are usually abundant, on many 

 kinds of food-plants. Associated with the plant lice, are their 



natural enemies of many kinds; as lady- 

 bird beetles (larvae and adults), lace- 

 wings (eggs, larvae, cocoons, adults), 

 syrphid larvae (Figs. 15, 16), hymenop- 

 terous parasites, and the fungus Empusa. 

 The habits of attendant ants should be 

 studied. For such purposes a hand lens 

 F 1C , , is necessarv. 



llG. 15. SYRPHID I.ARVA (a) 



Cutworms 



AND I'UPARIUM (b) 



(Fig. 17. 18.) Many spec- 

 ies of cutworms hibernate as partly 



Fig. 16. Syrphid Fly 



grown caterpillars, and are common in autumn in grass 

 lands, especially under stones, boards, etc. Several species are 

 to be found in clover fields, in the debris on the ground. 



