60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 



to these parts. The reddish edging of the primaries is very broad, and takes 

 in more of the primaries, but is duller than in the adult. The tail differs 

 most ; instead of being dimidiated with clear brown and deep pure chestnut, 

 (the outer webs and tips being of the former color,) the whole tail is light dull 

 chestnut, more or less obscured by dusky towards the bases of the feathers ; 

 the central pair having a narrow median shaft line of this color. The under 

 parts are quite similar to those of the adults ; the yellow being fully as in- 

 tense. The bill and feet are black, as in the adult ; the mouth, however, is 

 bright yellow. 



The males average 8*50 X 13-25. The females are generaly fully 50 X 1*50 

 shorter in these dimensions ; a somewhat unusual amount of difference in this 

 family. 



61. Sayornis sayds (Bp. ) Baird. 



Common throughout the Territory ; a summer resident at Fort Whipple. Is 

 the first of the migratory birds in spring, arriving in March ; and it also re- 

 mains very late, until the middle of October. Winters in the whole Colorado 

 Valley, and southern portions of the Territory generally. Almost exclusively 

 frequents open plains in stunted chaparral, sage brush, etc. ; and in some 

 other points of habit differs remarkably from our other Fly-catchers. 



The iris is dark brown ; the bill and feet blaik, the mouth chiefly flesh col- 

 ored. The moult is not finished until late in September. 



There is an interesting parallelism in the migrations of the smaller Fly- 

 catchers of the eastern and western coasts. Thus the present species arrives 

 at Fort Whipple among the very first of the spring migrants, just as S.fuscus 

 does in the middle districts of the Eastern States. Both likewise depart very 

 late, some remaining through October. Next in order come various species of 

 Empidonax : in the East, E. acadicus, traillii, jiaviventris and minimus; in 

 the West, E. pusillus, difficilis, hammondii and obscurus ; which correspond 

 very nearly in their times of arrival and departure. Latest of all the Contopi 

 make their appearance : C. virens in the East ; C. Richardsonii in the West. 



This species does not habitually frequent canons, rocky gorges, secluded 

 banks of streams, etc., like its congener, S.fuscus; nor yet does it inhabit 

 forests with the Contopi and Empidonaces. 



(62.) Sayornis nigricans Bonap. 



A very abundant and permanent resident in the valleys of the Gila and 

 Colorado, and more southern portions of the Territory generally. " Winters 

 as high as Fort Mojave, " (Cooper.) Not found at Fort Whipple, though de- 

 tected a very few miles southward of that locality. On the Pacific coast it has 

 been found considerably north of the latitude of Whipple ; and will in all pro- 

 bability be found as at least a summer visitant to the latter place. 



63. Contopus pertinax Cab. 



Conlopus " borealis exMex." of many authors. Not Tyrannus boreal is 

 Sw. et Rich. 



Contopus pertinax, Cab. Mus. Hein. ii. 1859, p- 72. 

 Very rare summer resident at Fort Whipple. A single specimen, taken 

 Aug. 20, in good plumage, though most other Fly catchers were in moult. 

 The bill above was black, the lower mandible and mouth rich orange yellow. 

 This young specimen differs from adult examples from Mexico in having more 

 brown rather than pure dark olive in the color of the upper parts, in having 

 the rump and upper tail coverts margined with dull ferrugineous ; all the 

 wing coverts and the secondaries broadly edged and tipped with the same, 

 palest on the secondaries ; and a wash of rufous on the under parts gen- 

 erally. The tail is less deeply forked. 



This is a species to which are to be referred the various citations of " bore- 

 alts'" from Mexico; which latter species does not appear to include this 

 country in its range. The differences between the two are more palpable than 



[March, 



