216 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP 



square-headed Gothic type. No. 650, from the upper Missouri, is an older 

 and longer head, inclining rather to the Swedish form. It is not a Brachyce- 

 phalus, but occupies a position intermediate between the long and short heads. 

 The Ottoes of the upper Missouri belong partly to that intermediate form 

 which I have designated in the preceding pages as the arched type, and partly to 

 the short-headed groups. The oblong crown in No. 755 is considerably elevated 

 at the junction of the sagittal and coronal sutures. The occipital region is 

 full, broad and round, and not flattened. These skulls all incline to the brachy- 

 cephalic type. Indeed No. 756, which may be said to represent the Calmuck 

 form, and No. 758, should be classed among the short heads. No. 758, the 

 head of a young child, though longer, has a vertically flat occiput. 



The Upsarookas or Crow Indians of the upper Missouri are long-heads. The 

 two skulls of this tribe in the collection are males, and resemble each other 

 very closely. They are long, oval crania ; the upper part of the occiput pro- 

 tuberant and lozenge-shaped ; the face long, the ossanasi high, and the depth 

 of the upper alveolus so considerable as to give a peculiar osteological expres- 

 sion to the face not easily described. 



Of the Winnebagos, one, No. 559, is a short, angularly round head ; the 

 other, No. 560, is of an oblong form. In No. 559 the slight posterior flatness 

 is confined entirely to the upper part of the os occipitis. In No. 560 the oc- 

 ciput is more protuberant, and the base and crown longer than in No. 559. 



Of the great and widely extended Algonquin Family, the Museum of the 

 Academy contains 79 skulls of 21 different tribes. These tribes are the Mas- 

 sasangas or Missiosigees, and the Chippewas of Upper Canada, the Penobscots 

 of Maine, the Mohegans of Connecticut, the Narragansetts and Pocassets of 

 Rhode Island, the Naumkeags of Massachusetts, the Naticks of Nantucket, 

 the Lenni-Lenapes or Delawares of New Jersey. Pennsylvania, &c. ; the Nan- 

 ticokes of the Wyoming Valley ; the Ottawas, Menominees and Pottawotomies 

 of Michigan ; the Sauks, Ottigamies and Illinois of Illinois and Wisconsin ; the 

 Miamis of Indiana ; the Skawnees and Mingos of Ohio ; the Shyennes of Mis- 

 souri, and the Blackfeet. 



The Iroquois family is represented in the collection by 13 crania of Mo- 

 hawks, Oneidas, Senecas, Cayugas and Hurons. The former habitat of these 

 tribes was the country around and between Lakes Huron, Erie and Ontario, 

 in the heart of the Algonquin area. Of the southern Iroquois the collection 

 contains not a single specimen. 



The Massasauga cranium, (No. 27,) of upper Canada, is a decidedly dolicho- 

 cephalic head with a protuberant occiput, a moderately elevated coronal re- 

 gion, and an oval base. In its general form it resembles the Arickaree 

 skulls. 



The Penobscot skulls may also be classed with the Dolichocephali. They 

 are narrow and rather long, with a regularly oval crown. The occipital region 

 is rather narrow, but not flat, being smoothly rounded ; the elevation of the 

 crown about the middle of the sagittal suture, by increasing the vertical diam- 

 eter, slightly approximates this skull to the arched type. These remarks par- 

 ticularly apply to No. 89, an Indian of the Gepepscot tribe of Maine. No. 105 

 is very similar to it, but being fragmentary, and of uncertain locality, it need 

 not further occupy our attention. 



A Mohegan or Mohican skull of the Quinnipiack tribe, (No. 26), is broad and 

 globular with a rounded occipital region. It occupies a position intermediate 

 between the long and short heads and approaches the Mongol form, as that 

 form is exhibited in the Calmuck, Cossack and Burat crania. 



A Pocasset cranium (No. 1036) is comparatively short with a flattened oc- 

 ciput and triangular coronal region. It strongly resembles the Narragansett 

 head, No. 693, and should probably be grouped with this specimen. 



The Narragansetts of Rhode Island are dolichocephalic. The ten skulls 

 representing this tribe in the collection are not equally elongated. On 

 the contrary, Nos. 693, (male,) 953, (female,) and 956, (male,) are much 



[May, 



