NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 219 



belongs to the mesocephalic form. No. 1051* is a Mound skull. It was found 

 in 1848, iu a tumulus on the Blue River, Illinois. Enough of the parietals 

 has been preserved to show that the posterior region was flattened and that 

 the head should be placed among the Mesocephali. 



The Ottigamies or Fox Indians, of Illinois and Wisconsin, belong to the short- 

 heads. Nos. 639 and 694, both male skulls, strongly resemble the angularly 

 round or square form. The outline of the coronal region is nearly a rounded 

 square. The occiput is almost vertically flat. No. 209 differs from these 

 two in having a, less wide sinciput. No. 415, a half-breed, is a long head with 

 a retreating forehead, a broad crown and the Swedish form of occiput. 



The Pcttawotomies of Michigan are Dolichocephali. No. 657 (plate 34 of 

 Crania Americana) is a rude, massive, male skull, "remarkable," as Dr. 

 Morton has observed, "for its capacity behind the ears, and for the great 

 length and flatness of the coronal region." The apparent flatness of the crown 

 is in part due to the angular prominence of the parietal bones at the anterior 

 third of the sagittal suture. The forehead is low ; the posterior region large, 

 broad and angular, with no very decided or marked flatness. In No. 737, a 

 male skull, the crown is broader in proportion to its length than in No. 657, 

 and less flat ; the posterior region round and full. The parietal bones at the 

 anterior portion of the sagittal suture are less prominent than in No. 657. No. 

 1322, a young Potawatomie warrior, varies from the others in being narrower 

 and having a somewhat more prominent os occipitis. The face reminds me 

 of the Chinese physiognomy. 



No. 736, the cranium of a young cbild, is brachycephalic, with a flat occiput 

 and bulging parietalia. 



The Sac or Sauk Indians may be called long-heads. In No. 561 the crown 

 is oblong ; the highest point at the junction of the coronal and sagittal su- 

 tures. The upper part of the occiput is irregularly lozenge-shaped and pro- 

 minent, the basal poition rather flat. No. 1246 is a rudely carved and mas- 

 sive head, almost vertically flattened behind. The lower part has somewhat 

 the appearance of being pressed underneath towards the foramen magnum. 



Two of the three skulls in the collection, marked Shawnee, are dolichoce- 

 phalic, the other is brachycephalic. They are of uncertain history and locality, 

 however, and cannot be relied upon as genuine representatives of this tribe. 

 No. 606 is a long, narrow, oval head, resembling the Pawnee and Arickaree 

 forms. No. 691, a remarkably inequilateral skull, belongs to a very different 

 form. The whole head is broader, and the posterior region flattened almost 

 entirely to the right of the median line. No. 1210, like No. 606, is a long, 

 narrow head ; the median, longitudinal line of the crown slightly carinated 

 after the fashion of the Eskimau skulls. The posterior region is broader and 

 more protuberant than in No. 606, while the elevation of the vertex causes 

 the skull to approximate the arched form. 



A Shyenne skull, (No. 1041), from Fort Williams, Arkansas river, belongs 

 to the arched form. The superior alveolus is prominent, while the back of 

 the head shelves downwards and backwards like an inclined plane. This 

 cranium resembles the Chippeway (No. 684) and Blackfoot (No. 1227) heads. 

 No. 939, also a Shyenne, from the neighborhood of Fort Kearney, differs some- 

 what from the preceding. It is less highly arched, the occipital region is less 

 prominent, and the crown more triangular and broader between the parietal 

 protuberances. 



The Iroquois skulls in the collection are Dolichocephali. They may be 

 classed very appropriately with the Cherokees. No. 16, exhumed near Lake 

 Erie, closely resembles No. 632. The occipital region is flattened superioiily. 

 No. 989 is probably not an Iroquois skull, though so marked. Its form differs 

 very much from the others. These three crania, though grouped with the 

 oval forms, occupy in reality an intermediate place between the oval and 

 arched types. 



1865.] 



* Erroneously numbered 1042 in the Catalogue. 



